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AP Statistics 3.3 Random Sampling and Data Collection - MCQs - Exam Style Questions

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Question

A total of 18 different teams participated in a bowling tournament. Each team had the same number of team members. To investigate the satisfaction of the team members with the tournament, the tournament director conducted a survey. For each team participating in the tournament, the director randomly selected two members of the team to take the survey.
Which statement best describes the sampling method used by the director?
(A) It was cluster sampling because the director used the teams as clusters.
(B) It was convenience sampling because members of each team were easy to contact.
(C) It was simple random sampling because each participant had the same probability of being selected.
(D) It was stratified sampling because the director ensured that members from each team were randomly selected.
(E) It was systematic sampling because exactly two members from each team were randomly selected.
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Detailed solution
Teams act as natural groups (strata), and the same number of individuals (two) is randomly sampled from each team.
Cluster sampling would select entire teams; that did not occur.
A simple random sample would not guarantee equal representation from each team.
Systematic sampling selects every \(k\)th person on a list, which is not described here.
✅ Answer: (D) Stratified sampling

Question

For the purpose of determining the value of its end-of-year inventory, a clothing store creates a list at the end of the year of every item currently in stock along with each item’s wholesale price. Which of the following is the best description of the end-of-the-year activity?
(A) An experiment, because the items are treatments and wholesale prices are responses.
(B) An experiment, because the store does not know the total wholesale price of all the items.
(C) A sample survey, because the store wants to estimate the value of all items for the entire year.
(D) A sample survey, because the items currently in the store at the end of the year are a random sample of all items in the store for the entire year.
(E) A census, because the wholesale prices of all items are listed.
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Detailed solution

The store records information for every item currently in stock and its wholesale price.
No treatments are imposed and no random assignment occurs ⇒ this is not an experiment, so (A) and (B) are incorrect.
No sample is drawn; the list includes the entire population of interest (all items in stock) ⇒ this is not a sample survey, so (C) and (D) are incorrect.
Because the data include the whole population of items in stock, the activity is a census.
✅ Answer: (E)

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