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Pre AP Biology -ECO 3.1 Importance of Biodiversity- MCQ Exam Style Questions -New Syllabus

Pre AP Biology -ECO 3.1 Importance of Biodiversity- FRQ Exam Style Questions – New Syllabus 2025-2026

Pre AP Biology -ECO 3.1 Importance of Biodiversity- FRQ Exam Style Questions – Pre AP Biology – per latest Pre AP Biology Syllabus.

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Question

A teacher displayed some nutrition fact labels for students to examine. Portions of the labels from two different foods are shown below.
Food 1
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size $51 \text{ g}$
Amount per Serving
Calories $50$     Calories from Fat $10$
Total Fat $1 \text{ g}$
Cholesterol $0.02 \text{ g}$
Total Carbohydrate $2 \text{ g}$
Protein $8 \text{ g}$
Food 2
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size $57 \text{ g}$
Amount per Serving
Calories $30$     Calories from Fat $0$
Total Fat $0 \text{ g}$
Cholesterol $0 \text{ g}$
Total Carbohydrate $8 \text{ g}$
Protein $0 \text{ g}$
a. Identify the main type of macromolecule found in Food 1. Explain that molecule’s structure. Then, list one of its functions in the cell, and list one example of where this molecule would be found in high concentration in the human body.
b. Identify the main type of macromolecule found in Food 2. Explain that molecule’s structure. Then, list its main function in the cell, and list one example of this molecule that’s used by the human body.
c. The teacher told the students that one of the foods is a type of fruit and the other is a type of meat. Identify which food is the fruit and which is the meat. Explain your answer.

Most-appropriate topic codes (Pre-AP Biology):

• TOPIC: CELLS 1.1 — Biomolecules: Differentiate between the major macromolecules based on their structure and/or function — parts (a), (b)
• TOPIC: CELLS 1.1 — Biomolecules: Explain the role macromolecules play in supporting cellular function — parts (a), (b)
• TOPIC: ECO 3.1 — Importance of Biodiversity: Identify ecological roles and sources of nutrients/energy (e.g., fruit vs. meat) — part (c)
• Science Practice — Close Observation and Analysis: Extract and analyze information from data sets or labels — context and parts (a), (b), (c)
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Student Answer (Transcribed):

a. The main type of macromolecule in food 1 are proteins. Proteins are long strands of amino acids that are messy and disorganized.
b. The main type of macromolecule in food 2 are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have a $1:2:1$ ratio and they are made up of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
c. Food 2 is the fruit and food 1 is meat. Fruits have sugar which is a carbohydrate and meats contain protein.

 
Detailed solution

(a) Proteins in Food 1
The nutrition label for Food 1 shows $8 \text{ g}$ of protein and very low carbohydrates ($2 \text{ g}$). Therefore, the primary macromolecule is protein.

  • Structure: Proteins are polymers constructed from monomer subunits called amino acids. These amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains. These chains then fold into complex three-dimensional shapes (secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures) determined by the sequence of amino acids, rather than being purely “messy and disorganized” as described in the student answer.
  • Function: Proteins have a wide variety of functions, including acting as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions, providing structural support (cytoskeleton), and transporting molecules across cell membranes.
  • Example in Body: High concentrations are found in muscles (actin and myosin filaments) or in the blood (hemoglobin).

(b) Carbohydrates in Food 2
The nutrition label for Food 2 shows $8 \text{ g}$ of total carbohydrate and $0 \text{ g}$ of fat and protein. Thus, the primary macromolecule is carbohydrates.

  • Structure: Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of $1:2:1$ ($C:H:O$). The basic building blocks are monosaccharides (simple sugars).
  • Function: The main function of carbohydrates in the cell is to provide a quick source of energy (cellular respiration).
  • Example in Body: Glucose is the primary sugar circulating in the blood, and glycogen is the storage form of glucose found in the liver and muscles.

(c) Identification of Food Types
Based on the macromolecule composition:

  • Food 1 is Meat: Meats are primarily composed of protein and often contain fats/cholesterol, matching the label ($8 \text{ g}$ protein, $1 \text{ g}$ fat, $0.02 \text{ g}$ cholesterol).
  • Food 2 is Fruit: Fruits are plant-based and primarily provide carbohydrates (sugars and fiber) with little to no protein or fat, matching the label ($8 \text{ g}$ carbohydrate, $0 \text{ g}$ protein, $0 \text{ g}$ fat).
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