CBSE Class 12 Chemistry –Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday life- Study Materials

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Notes: Chemistry in Everyday Life

This article provides you the revision notes on Class 12 Chemistry: Chapter- Chemistry in Everyday Life, to give you a quick glance of the chapter. These quick notes are prepared strictly according to the latest CBSE syllabus for Class 12th Chemistry.

This article provides you the revision notes on Class 12 Chemistry: Chapter- Chemistry in Everyday Life, to give you a quick glance of the chapter. In this article you will learn about the various types of drugs, food preservatives and cleansing agents. These quick notes are prepared strictly according to the latest CBSE syllabus for Class 12th Chemistry.

The main topics covered in this part are:

•   Drugs and Medicines

•   Chemotherapy

•   Some Important Classes of Drugs

•   Food Preservatives

•   Cleansing Agents

  • The key notes of the chapter are as follows:

Drugs and Medicines

Drug, also called medicine, is a chemical substance used to cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease

Chemotherapy

Use of chemical substances for the treatment of a disease is termed as chemotherapy.

Some Important Classes of Drugs

•   Tranquilizers are the chemicals used to relieve stress, mental tension, anxiety. These form a major component of the sleeping pills. Most of these drugs are derivatives of barbituric acid. Examples: Luminal, equanil, iproniazid, barbiturate.

•   Analgesics: These are the drugs used to reduce or abolish pain without causing the loss of consciousness, paralysis and some other disturbances.

For example- Asprin, Analgin, Paracitamol.

These are of two types:

(i) Narcotics: These drugs relieve pain but also produce sleep or drowsiness. These are habit forming drugs and are also termed as addictive drugs.

For example: Morphine, codeine, heroin.

(ii) Non-narcotics: These are non-habit forming drugs also named as non-addictive drugs. These are used to reduce mild to moderate pains such as headache, toothache, muscle and joint pain, etc. These drugs do not produce drowsiness.

For example: Asprin, paracitamol.

•   Antiseptics: These are the chemicals which are used to kill or to prevent the growth of microorganisms without affecting the living human tissues.

For example: Dettol (chloroxylenol + terpeneol), Bithional, tincture of iodine, iodoform.

•   Disinfectants: These are the antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

For example: 0.2% solution of phenol act as a disinfectant. KMnO4, Clare also used as disinfectant.

•   Antibiotics: These are the chemical substances produces from microorganisms and are used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

For example- Penicillin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin.

•   Antipyretic: They are used to lower the body temperature in case of high fever.

For example: Aspirin, paracetamol, phenacetin.

•   Antifertility Drugs: These drugs are used to control birth and population. These drugs are esentially a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterons derivatives which are more potent than the natural hormones.

For example: Mala D, Norethindrone, Novestrol.

•   Antacid: The chemical substances which neutralize the excess acid in stomach and give relief from acidity are called antacids.

For example: Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and aluminium hydroxide [Al(OH)3].

•   Antihistamine: Also known as the anti-allergic drug, It suppresses the action of histamine (a compound released by cells in response to injury or any allergic and inflammatory reactions).

For example: Terfinadine, Cimetidine.

Some Important Chemicals Used in Food

Artificial Sweetening Agents: These are substances that are used in place of natural sugar.

Some common artificial sweeteners are given below:

(i) Aspartame: It is the most successful and widely used artificial sweetener. It is roughly 100 times as sweet as cane sugar. It is methyl ester of dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine.

Aspartame

Use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and soft drinks because it is unstable at cooking temperature.

(ii) Saccharin:  It is the most popular artificial sweetener. It is about 400-500 times as sweet as cane sugar.

Saccharin

(iii) Sucrolose: It is a trichloro derivative of sucrose.

Sucrolose

Its appearance and taste are like sugar. It is stable at cooking temperature.

Food Preservatives

These are the chemical substances that are added to prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth.

Most common example is sodium benzoate used in soft drinks and acidic foods.

Antioxidants like BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) retard the action of oxygen on the food and help in the preservation of food materials.

Cleansing Agents

Cleansing agents are the substance which remove dirt and have cleansing action in water.

These are of two types: (i) Soaps and (ii) Detergents

Soaps

Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids (containing 15-18 carbon atoms) e.g., stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid.

Saponification: The process of producing soap by heating fat (glyceryl ester ~fatty acid) with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, is termed as Saponification.

For example:

Saponification

Soaps are not useful in hard water:

Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The sodium salts present in soaps are converted to their corresponding calcium and magnesium salts which are precipitated as scum.

Insoluble Calcium Sterate

The insoluble scum sticks on the clothes hence reduces the cleaning capacity of soap.

Detergents

Detergents are sodium salt of long chain linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. These are manufactured chemically from materials other than animal fats.

These can be used both in soft and hard water as they give foam even in hard water.

Detergents are three types of detergents:

(i) Anionic detergents: These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. In anionic detergents, the anionic part of the molecule is involved in the cleansing action. For example: alkyl benzene sulphonates are obtained by neutralising alkyl benzene sulphonic acids with alkali.

Anionic detergents

Use: They are also used in toothpastes.

(ii) Cationic detergents: These detergents are quarternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.
Cationic part possess a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on nitrogen atom. For example: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a popular cationic detergent used in hair conditioners.

Cationic detergents

Use: They are used as germicides.

(iii) Non-ionic detergents: These are the detergents that does not contain any ion in their constitution. For example: Esters of high molecular mass formed by reaction of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid are non-ionic detergents.

Non-ionic detergents

Use: They are used in liquid dishwashing detergents.

Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Chemistry MCQs 

Chemistry MCQS for Class 12 Question 1. Which of the following is used as tranquilizer?
(a) Naproxene
(b) Tetracycline
(c) Chlorpheniramine
(d) Equanil

Answer/Explanation

Answer: d
Explaination: (d) Equanil.


2. Which one of the following is antihistamine?
(a) Chloramphenicol
(b) Diphenyl hydramine
(c) Norethindrone
(d) Omeprazole

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(b) (a) is broad spectrum antibiotic
(c) is ’ antifertility drug (birth control) and
(d) is antacid.


3. Artificial sweetener which is stable only under cold conditions only is
(a) saccharine
(b) sucralose
(c) aspartame
(d) alitame

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination: (c) aspartame.


Chemistry MCQS for Class 12 with Answers Pdf Question 4. Bithional added to soap acts as
(a) buffering agent
(b) antiseptic
(c) softener
(d) drying

Answer/Explanation

Answer: b
Explaination: (b) antiseptic.


5. .Which of the following is analgesic?
(a) Streptomycin
(b) Chloromycetin
(c) Novalgin
(d) Penicillin

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination: (c) is analgesic (pain reliever) others are antibiotics.


6. Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol acts as
(a) antiseptic
(b) antipyretic
(c) antibiotic
(d) analgesics

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination: (a) These are components of Dettol.


Class 12 Chemistry MCQ Pdf Question 7. Which of the following is used as antacid?
(a) Iproniazid
(b) Salvarsan
(c) Zantac
(d) Chloramphenicol

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(c) Zantac is antacid,
(b) is used for treatment of syphilis,
(a) is tranquilizer and
(d) is broad spectrum antibiotic.


8. Drugs that bind to receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called
(a) antagonists
(b) agonists
(c) enzymes
(d) molecular targets

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination: (a) These are called antagonists.


9. The drug Tagamet is
(a) analgesics
(b) antidepressant
(c) anaesthetic
(d) antacid

Answer/Explanation

Answer: d
Explaination: (d) antacid.


10. Which of the following cationic detergent?
(a) Sodium lauryl sulphate.
(b) Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
(c) Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.
(d) Glyceryl oleate.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(b) (a) and (c) are anionic detergents and
(d) is fat (glycerol ester of fatty acid).


11. The artificial sweetener which contains chlorine that has the appearance and taste as that of sugar and is stable and cooking temperature:
(a) Aspartame
(b) Saccharin
(c) Sucralose
(d) Alitame

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination: (c) Sucralose


12. Narcotic analgesic is
(a) aspirin
(b) paracetamol
(c) codeine
(d) cimetidine

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(c). (a) and (b) are analgesics and antipyretic
(d) is antacid.


13. Bactericidal antibiotic among the following is
(a) ofloxacin
(b) erythromycin
(c) chloramphenicol
(d) tetracycline

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) is bactericidal, others are bacteriostatic, i.e., suppress the multiplication of bacteria.


14. Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) as a food additive acts as
(a) antioxidant
(b) flavouring agent
(c) colouring agent
(d) emulsifier

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination: (a) It prevents spoilage of butter.


15. Sodium benzoate is used as
(a) food preservative
(b) artificial sweetener
(c) antioxidant
(d) detergent

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination: (a) It is food preservative, used in cold drinks.


16. Which of the following is not an antacid?
(a) Phenelzine
(b) Ranitidine
(c) Al(OH)3
(d) Cimetidine

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) Phenelzine is antidepressant (tranquilizer), not an antacid, others are antacids.


17. Allergy is caused by the production of in the body
(a) Hormones
(b) Enzymes
(c) Vitamins
(d) Histamines

Answer

Answer: d


18. Which of the following can possibly be used as analgesic without causing addiction and modification?
(a) Morphine
(b) Diazepam
(c) N-acety 1-para-aminophenol
(d) LSD

Answer

Answer: c


Chemistry MCQ with Answers Class 12 Question 19. Aspiring is an acetylation product of ______
(a) p-Dihydroxybenzene
(b) o-Hydroxybenzoic acid
(c) o-Dihydroxy benzene
(d) m-Hydroxy benzoic acid

Answer

Answer: b


20. Drug which is used to reduce anxiety and brings calmness is known as
(a) Tranquilizer
(b) Diuretic
(c) Analgesic
(d) Antacids

Answer

Answer: a


21. Which element is not present in Saccharin, an artificial sweetner?
(a) C
(b) P
(c) S
(d) N

Answer

Answer: b


22. Heroin is
(a) Narcotic
(b) Non-narcotic
(c) Anaesthetic
(d) Antiseptic

Answer

Answer: a


23. Detergents are better than soaps because
(a) They are less affected by hard water
(b) They can be used in acidic solution
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) They wash clothes better

Answer

Answer: c


24. Which one is a broad spectrum drug?
(a) Chloramphenicol
(b) Chloroquine
(c) Chloroxylenol
(d) Plasmoquine

Answer

Answer: a


25. A drug that is antiseptic as well as analgesic is
(a) Para acetamidophenol
(b) Chloropromazine hydrochloride
(c) Chloramphenicol
(d) Paracetamol

Answer

Answer: a


Chemistry MCQS for Class 12 Chapter wise Pdf Question 26. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below in the Lists.
Chemistry MCQS for Class 12 Chapter wise with Answers Pdf
(a) 1 -(a), 2-(c), 3-(d), 4-(e)
(b) 1 -(b), 2-(a), 3-(d), 4-(e)
(c) 1 -(b), 2-(c), 3-(e), 4-(d)
(d) 1 -(b), 2-(a), 3-(d), 4-(e)

Answer

Answer: d


27. A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against __________ .[NCERT Exemplar]
(a) gram positive or gram negative bacteria.
(b) gram negative bacteria only.
(c) single organism or one disease.
(d) both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) is correct statement.


28. Which of the following enhances leathering property of soap? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium rosinate
(c) Sodium stearate
(d) Trisodium phosphate

Answer/Explanation

Answer: b
Explaination:
(b) Sodium rosinate enhance lathering property of soap.


29. Glycerol is added to soap. It functions __________ . [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) as a filler.
(b) to increase leathering.
(c) to prevent rapid drying.
(d) to make soap granules.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) It prevents rapid drying because it is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) from atmosphere.


30. Which of the following is an example of liquid dish-washing detergent? [NCERT Exemplar]
Chemistry MCQS for Class 12 Chapter wise with Answers Pdf Download

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(b) is dishwashing, non-ionic detergent,
(d) Cationic,
(a) and (c) are anionic detergents.


31. Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Lipids
(c) Vitamins
(d) Proteins

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) Vitamins are not a target molecules for drug function in body.


Note: In the following questions two or more options may be correct. (Q.22 to Q.25)
32. Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins? [NCERT Exemplar]
(а) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(b) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(c) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
(d) Shape of receptor doesn’t change during attachment of messenger.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(b) and (d) are incorrect.


33. Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(a) and (b) are correct.


34. Compounds with antiseptic properties are __________ . [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) CHCl3
(b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid
(d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(b) CHI3 (Iodoform) and
(c) Boric acid are antiseptics.


35. Which of the following statements are [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) An antibacterial fungus.
(b) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
(c) It has bacteriostatic effect. soap bubbles .
(d) It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(c) and (d) are incorrect. It is bactericidal.


36. Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Column IColumn II
(a) Ranitidine(i) Tranquilizer
(b) Furacine(ii) Antibiotic
(c) Phenelzine(iii) Antihistamine
(d) Chloramphenicol(iv) Antiseptic
 (v) Antifertility drug
Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(a) (iii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (ii)


37. Match the soaps given in Column I with incorrect about penicillin? items given in Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Column IColumn II
(a) Soap chips(i) dried miniature
(b) Soap granules(ii) small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps
(c) Soap powder(iii) soap powder + abrasives + builders (Na2CO3, Na3PO4)
(d) Scorning soap(iv) soap powder + builders like Na2CO3 and Na3PO4
Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(a) (ii)
(b) (i)
(c) (iv)
(d) (iii)


38. Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Column IColumn II
(a) Antagonists(i) Communicate message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles
(b) Agonists(ii) Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function
(c) Chemical messenger(iii) Crucial to body’s communication process
(d) Inhibitors(iv) Mimic the natural messenger
(e) Receptors(v) Inhibit activities of enzymes.
Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
(a) (ii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (v)
(e) (iii)


Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (Q.29 to Q.32)
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(c) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong but reason is correct statement.
(e) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.
39. Assertion: Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group. [NCERT Exemplar]
Reason: Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.


40. Assertion: Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol. [NCERT Exemplar]
Reason: Ethanol makes things invisible.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.


41. Assertion: Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes. [NCERT Exemplar]
Reason: In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.


42. Assertion: Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalyic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site. [NCERT Exemplar]
Reason: Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can’t recognise it.

Answer/Explanation

Answer: d
Explaination:
(d) Assertion is wrong but reason is correct statement.


43. Histamine is potent __________ .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: vasodilator.


44. __________ prevents heart attack, can also be used as analgesics and antipyretic but should not be taken empty stomach as it releases salicylic acid, may damage stomach lining.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Aspirin.


45. Plenty of salt and cover of oil act as __________ .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: preservative.


46. Bathing soaps are __________ salts of long chain fatty acids.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: potassium.


47. Aspirin is not suitable for ulcer patients. [True\False]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
True, it forms salicylic acid which may cause bleeding and wounds.


48. cis-platin is used in chemotherapy for cancer. [True\False]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
True, it is antitumour agent.


49. A person suffering from depression has low level of noradrenaline. [True\False]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: True.


50. Morphine is narcotic analgesics given in acute pain of terminal cancer. [True\False]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
True, it causes addiction, should not be used regularly


51. Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Sites different from active site of enzyme ‘ where a molecule can bind and affect the active site is called allosteric site. Some drugs may also bind at this site.


52. Where are receptors located?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Receptors are embedded in cell membrane.


53. What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
It causes pain and may lead to formation of ulcer in stomach.


54. Write the name of an antacid which is often used as a medicine.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Ranitidine or NaHCO3 or a mixture of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 is used as antacid.


55. Give an example of antihistamine.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Brompheniramine (Dimetapp).


56. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills? [Delhi 2013]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Tranquilizers, (hypnotics)


57. Define the following and give one example: Tranquilizers [Delhi 2017,12]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Tranquilizers: Those drugs which reduce anxiety and produce a feeling of well being, e.g., Equanil, seconal, etc.


58. What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression. [AI2012]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
If the level of noradrenaline is low, then signal sending activity is low. It leads to depression. These drugs inhibit enzymes which catalyse
the degradation of noradrenaline which is neurotransmitter and thus, counteract the effect of depression. Chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate are mild tranquilizers suitable for relieving tension. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.


59. What are the uses of narcotic analgesics?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
These drugs are mainly used for the relief of cardiac pain, pains of terminal cancer, child birth, etc.


60. Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Antiseptics, antibiotics and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.


61. What is the commonality between the antibioitic arsphenamine and azodye?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Arsphenamine possesses —As=As— linkage that resembles —N=N— linkages in azodye.


62. What is meant by a ‘broad spectrum antibiotic’? [Delhi 2019,17,14(C)]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Those antibiotics which are effective for large number of microorganisms are called ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’, e.g. chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc.


63. What is meant by ‘narrow spectrum antibiotics’? Give one example. [Delhi 2017,13(C); Foreign 2012]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Those antibiotics which are effective against only particular micro-organism are called narrow spectrum antibiotics, e.g. Ampicillin, Streptomycin, etc.


64. Describe the following types of substances, giving suitable examples: Antiseptics [Chennai, Uttarakhand 2019; Delhi 2017]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Antiseptics: Those chemicals which prevent the growth of micro-organisms are called antiseptics, e.g. Dettol, 0.2% solution of phenol.


65. Give an example of disinfectant.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
SO2 in very low concentration, 0.1% phenol, KMnO4


66. Give an example of antifertility drug.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Novestrol.


67. State a reason of the following statement: The use of the sweetner aspartame is limited to cold foods and drinks. [All India 2014(C)]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Because it is unstable at high temperature.


68. Name a food preservative which is most commonly used by food producers.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Common salt is used as food preservative.


69. Give an example of antioxidant.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT).


70. Why soaps are biodegradable whereas detergents are non-biodegradable? [Delhi 2019]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Soaps are 100% biodegradable because it is decomposed by micro-organisms and does not create water pollution.


71. What is a soft soap?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Soft soaps are potassium salts of fatty acids.


72. Describe and illustrate with an example, a detergent.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination:
Detergent is sodium or potassium salt of benzene sulphonic acid or sulphonate of unsaturated hydrocarbons of alkene type, e.g., sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate.


73. Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste? [Delhi 2019]

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Anionic detergents.


74. Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Cationic detergents.


75. Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explaination: Non-ionic detergents.


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