Question
In a natural classification, what do all members of a genus have in common?
A. They all have the same binomial name.
B. They all belong to the same species.
C. They can freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
D. They have all evolved from the same common ancestor
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans. D
Question
A short sequence of amino acids (represented by letters) in cytochrome $c$ is shown for six vertebrates. Letters in bold indicate identical amino acids for all species.
Which statement refers to this section of cytochrome c?
A. The DNA base sequences for human and rhesus monkey are different.
B. The most DNA base changes are between humans and snapping turtles.
C. The largest number of amino acid differences is two.
D. The amino acid at position 32 is the most variable.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
The Atlantic cod (Gadus callarias) is a fish which lays about 5 000 000 eggs in its lifetime. On average, only two of these eggs survive to become adult cod. How does this promote evolution?
A. All offspring are genetically identical, so become better adapted.
B. Laying many eggs provides food for other species to survive and become better adapted.
C. Some young cod change to become adapted to the environment and survive and pass on their genes.
D. Offspring with favourable variations survive and pass on their genes.
Answer/Explanation
Markscheme
D
What characteristics describe homologous structures?
A. They have the same ancestral origin but may have different functions.
B. They have the same ancestral origin and always have the same function.
C. They have different ancestral origins and may have different functions.
D. They have different ancestral origins but always have the same function.
Answer/Explanation
Markscheme
A
Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?
I. Homologous structures
II. Selective breeding of domesticated animals
III. Overproduction of offspring
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
Answer/Explanation
Markscheme
A
Question
What can lead to the emergence of analogous structures?
A. Divergent evolution from a recent common ancestor
B. Convergent evolution of unrelated species
C. Splits in the fundamental niche of a species
D. Splits in the realized niche of a species
▶️Answer/Explanation
B
Question
Scientists studying ground finches (Geospiza fortis) on the island of Daphne Major in Galapagos found great differences in the shapes of the beaks.
What is the explanation for this variation in beak shape between the birds?
A. Ground finches grow larger beaks if there is competition for food.
B. They belong to different species.
C. They are adapted for different diets.
D. The more a beak is used by a ground finch, the larger it becomes.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C
Question
Which factor(s) would favour evolution by natural selection?
I. Long lifespans
II. Favourable characteristics acquired by individuals during their lifetime
III. Variation within a species
A. II only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. I and III
▶️Answer/Explanation
B
Question
Which statement best describes how evolution occurs?
A. Species which produce the most offspring are favoured by natural selection.
B. Mutations in somatic cells are passed on to offspring.
C. Natural selection decreases the frequency of unfavourable characteristics.
D. Changes in species lead towards greater complexity over time.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C
Question
What could be used as evidence for evolution?
I. Selective breeding of domesticated animals
II. The fossil record
III. Homologous structures
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
▶️Answer/Explanation
D
Question
Which is an example of evolution by selective breeding?
A. Selection of prey animals that can run faster than their predators
B. The variation in the size of different breeds of dogs
C. The tendency, during breeding, for birds to produce more offspring than will survive
D. Some female spiders only breeding with males which make the right signals
▶️Answer/Explanation
B
Question
What are the evolutionary origins and functions of homologous structures?
▶️Answer/Explanation
B