Question
What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
A. Form replication forks
B. Remove RNA primers
C. Add short length of RNA to template strand of DNA
D. Add DNA nucleotides to the 5 end of the new strand
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: B. Remove RNA primers
Explanation:
- DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers laid down by primase and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.
- It also has proofreading and repair functions.
Incorrect options:
A. Form replication forks – This is done by helicase.
C. Add short length of RNA – This is the role of RNA primase.
D. Add DNA to 5′ end – DNA polymerases add nucleotides to the 3′ end, not 5′.
Question
Which are two proteins that assist in the unwinding and separation of DNA strands during replication?
A. Helicase and DNA polymerase III
B. DNA gyrase and DNA polymerase I
C. Helicase and DNA primase
D. Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: D. Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase
Explanation:
- Helicase unwinds DNA.
- DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) reduces supercoiling during unwinding.
- Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) keep the strands separated.
Incorrect options:
A. Helicase and DNA polymerase III – Polymerase III extends DNA but doesn’t assist in unwinding.
B. DNA gyrase and DNA polymerase I – Polymerase I removes primers, not involved in unwinding.
C. Helicase and DNA primase – Primase adds primers, doesn’t help unwind DNA.
Question
Which statement applies to tRNA?
- There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with each known amino acid.
- One type of tRNA can combine with all of the known amino acids.
- tRNA carries out its main role within the nucleus.
- tRNA is produced by the process of translation.
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Answer: A. There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with each known amino acid.
Explanation: There is a specific tRNA for each amino acid, and sometimes multiple tRNAs per amino acid (wobble effect).
Why others are incorrect:
- B. False – Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid; not universal.
- C. False – tRNA functions in the cytoplasm, not the nucleus.
- D. False – tRNA is produced by transcription, not translation.