IB Mathematics SL 5.3 Derivative of f(x) AA SL Paper 1- Exam Style Questions- New Syllabus
Consider \( f(x) = \frac{1}{3} x^3 + 2 x^2 – 5 x \). Part of the graph of \( f \) is shown below. There is a maximum point at M, and a point of inflection at N.
Part (a):
Find \( f'(x) \). [3]
Part (b):
Find the \( x \)-coordinate of M. [4]
Part (c):
Find the \( x \)-coordinate of N. [3]
Part (d):
The line \( L \) is the tangent to the curve of \( f \) at \( (3, 12) \). Find the equation of \( L \) in the form \( y = ax + b \). [4]
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Part (a)
Differentiate \( f(x) = \frac{1}{3} x^3 + 2 x^2 – 5 x \):
\[ f'(x) = x^2 + 4 x – 5 \]
Answer: \( f'(x) = x^2 + 4 x – 5 \).
Part (b)
To find the maximum, solve \( f'(x) = 0 \):
\[ x^2 + 4 x – 5 = 0 \]
Factorize:
\[ (x + 5)(x – 1) = 0 \]
\[ x = -5, \, x = 1 \]
To determine the maximum, consider the second derivative or graph behavior:
\[ f”(x) = 2 x + 4 \]
At \( x = -5 \), \( f”(-5) = 2(-5) + 4 = -6 < 0 \), indicating a maximum.
At \( x = 1 \), \( f”(1) = 2(1) + 4 = 6 > 0 \), indicating a minimum.
Thus, the maximum point M is at \( x = -5 \).
Answer: \( x = -5 \).
Part (c)
Method 1:
Find the second derivative:
\[ f”(x) = 2 x + 4 \]
Set \( f”(x) = 0 \) to find the point of inflection:
\[ 2 x + 4 = 0 \]
\[ x = -2 \]
Method 2:
Use symmetry of the cubic. The inflection point is at the midpoint of the maximum (\( x = -5 \)) and minimum (\( x = 1 \)):
\[ \frac{-5 + 1}{2} = \frac{-4}{2} = -2 \]
Thus, the point of inflection N is at \( x = -2 \).
Answer: \( x = -2 \).
Part (d)
Find the slope of the tangent at \( x = 3 \):
\[ f'(x) = x^2 + 4 x – 5 \]
\[ f'(3) = 3^2 + 4 \cdot 3 – 5 = 9 + 12 – 5 = 16 \]
Use the point-slope form at \( (3, 12) \):
\[ y – 12 = 16 (x – 3) \]
\[ y – 12 = 16 x – 48 \]
\[ y = 16 x – 36 \]
Alternatively, use \( y = m x + b \):
\[ 12 = 16 \cdot 3 + b \]
\[ 12 = 48 + b \]
\[ b = -36 \]
\[ y = 16 x – 36 \]
Answer: \( y = 16 x – 36 \).