IB Mathematics SL 2.7 Use of the discriminant AA SL Paper 1- Exam Style Questions- New Syllabus
The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function \( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \), with vertex at \( (-2, 10) \).
The equation \( f(x) = k \) has two solutions. One of these solutions is \( x = 2 \).
Part (a):
Write down the other solution of \( f(x) = k \). [2]
Part (b):
Complete the table below placing a tick (✔) to show whether the unknown parameters \( a \) and \( b \) are positive, zero, or negative. The row for \( c \) has been completed as an example. [2]
| positive | zero | negative |
a |
|
|
|
b |
|
|
|
c | ✔ |
|
|
Part (c):
State the values of \( x \) for which \( f(x) \) is decreasing. [2]
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Part (a)
The quadratic function \( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \) has a vertex at \( (-2, 10) \). The axis of symmetry is \( x = -2 \). Since \( f(x) = k \) has two solutions and one is \( x = 2 \), the other solution is symmetric about the axis of symmetry. The distance from \( x = 2 \) to \( x = -2 \) is \( 2 – (-2) = 4 \). Thus, the other solution is:
\[ x = -2 – (2 – (-2)) = -2 – 4 = -6 \]
Answer: \( x = -6 \)
Part (b)
Determine the signs of \( a \), \( b \), and \( c \).
For \( a \): The graph is a parabola with a vertex at \( (-2, 10) \). Since the vertex is a maximum (as implied by the downward-opening parabola, given \( a \) is negative), \( a < 0 \).
For \( b \): The vertex of \( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \) is at \( x = -\frac{b}{2a} \). Given the vertex at \( x = -2 \):
\[ -\frac{b}{2a} = -2 \implies \frac{b}{2a} = 2 \implies b = 4a \]
Since \( a < 0 \), \( b = 4a < 0 \).
For \( c \): The table indicates \( c \) is positive.
Answer:
| positive | zero | negative |
a |
|
| ✔ |
b |
|
| ✔ |
c | ✔ |
|
|
Part (c)
A quadratic function \( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \) with \( a < 0 \) (downward-opening parabola) is decreasing where the derivative \( f'(x) < 0 \). Compute the derivative:
\[ f'(x) = 2ax + b \]
Since \( b = 4a \) and \( a < 0 \), solve:
\[ 2ax + b < 0 \implies 2ax + 4a < 0 \implies 2a(x + 2) < 0 \]
Since \( a < 0 \), divide by \( 2a \) (reversing the inequality):
\[ x + 2 > 0 \implies x > -2 \]
Alternatively, the function decreases to the right of the vertex \( x = -2 \) for a downward-opening parabola. Thus:
Answer: \( x > -2 \)