IB myp 4-5 physics – Practice Questions- All Topics
Topic :Waves-Wave phenomena including reflection, refraction and diffraction
Topic :Waves– Weightage : 21 %
All Questions for Topic :Reflection, refraction, diffusion, longitudinal \& transverse waves
Question (5 marks)
Question a (2 mark)
Use the data and diagram to identify each of the materials the ray passes through.
Fill the label to the correct layer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:
Question b (3 mark)
Explain your answer to part (a).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:
When light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water or from air to glass, it undergoes refraction. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different mediums.
If a ray of light passes from a medium with a lower refractive index to a medium with a higher refractive index, such as from air to water, the ray bends toward the normal line, perpendicular to the surface of the medium. This bending of the light ray toward the normal is known as “towards normal” refraction.
The phenomenon of refraction and the direction of bending depend on the relative refractive indices of the two mediums involved. The angle at which the light ray bends depends on the incident angle and the refractive indices of the mediums.
It’s important to note that the bending of light towards the normal occurs when light travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to a medium with a higher refractive index. If the situation is reversed, and light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index, the light ray would bend away from the normal, known as “away from normal” refraction.
So we can see ray is bending towards normal after each refraction , means they are going in to higher refractive index. $\rm{Air<water<glass}$
Noise cancellation
Destructive interference can be used to reduce background noise. Noise cancelation can be used to reduce the volume of sound from the engine in a car or airplane cockpit. Noise-canceling headphones detect ambient sounds outside the headphones and produce an opposite wave inside the headphones, which destructively interferes and reduces the amount of outside noise that is heard.
Question:
Suggest one benefit and one disadvantage of noise-canceling headphones.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: Benefits
- Good sound quality
- Suitable for use in loud environments
Disadvantages
- Expensive
- User unable to hear surroundings, which could be dangerous for them (for example, walking near traffic)