IB MYP Integrated Sciences e-Assessment : Electron configuration Exam Style Practice Questions- New Syllabus
Metals such as aluminium (Al) are extracted from their ores and transformed into useful materials. Aluminium is the second most used metal after iron (Fe). Aluminium and iron have different properties. They are represented in the periodic table in different groups and periods.
Question a (1 mark)
Select the correct definition for group and period.
Draggable labels:
- Elements arranged in vertical columns that show similar chemical properties
- Elements arranged in horizontal rows that show different chemical and physical properties
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Group: Elements arranged in vertical columns that show similar chemical properties.
Period: Elements arranged in horizontal rows that show different chemical and physical properties.
Explanation:
In the periodic table, elements are organized into groups (vertical columns) and periods (horizontal rows). Groups contain elements with similar chemical properties, while periods show a progression of elements with different properties.
Question b (1 mark)
Use the information from the periodic table to state the electronic configuration of an aluminium atom.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
\(2,8,3\) or \(1s^2 \, 2s^2 \, 2p^6 \, 3s^2 \, 3p^1\).
Explanation:
The electronic configuration of aluminium (Al) is \(2,8,3\) or \(1s^2 \, 2s^2 \, 2p^6 \, 3s^2 \, 3p^1\). This indicates that aluminium has 13 electrons distributed across its energy levels.
Question c (2 marks)
Aluminium can be used in a huge variety of ways including in products such as cans, foils, household items, materials for houses, and in aircraft manufacturing.
Suggest different properties of aluminium metal that make it suitable for the following uses.
Aircraft:
Soda cans:
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Aircraft: Lightweight or strong.
Soda cans: Resistant to corrosion or lightweight or malleable.
Explanation:
Aluminium is lightweight and strong, making it ideal for aircraft construction. For soda cans, aluminium is resistant to corrosion, lightweight, and malleable, which allows it to be easily shaped into cans.
Question d (1 mark)
Aluminium is commonly used in medicine in different compounds. For example, aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)₃ is often used as an antacid to relieve acid indigestion caused by excess stomach acid (HCl). The Al(OH)₃ reacts with the excess stomach acid to relieve the symptoms of acid indigestion.
State the type of chemical reaction between Al(OH)₃ and HCl.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Neutralization or acid-base or double displacement.
Explanation:
The reaction between aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a neutralization reaction, which is a type of acid-base reaction. It can also be classified as a double displacement reaction.
Question e (3 marks)
Write down a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in part (d).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl → AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl → AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O.
This equation shows that one molecule of Al(OH)₃ reacts with three molecules of HCl to produce one molecule of AlCl₃ and three molecules of water.