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IB Mathematics AHL 3.11 Relationships in trigonometric functions AA HL Paper 3 | Exam Style Questions

IB Mathematics AHL 3.11 Relationships in trigonometric functions AA HL Paper 3- Exam Style Questions

Question

The diagram below shows the boundary of the cross-section of a water channel.

Water channel cross-section

The equation that represents this boundary is \( y = 16 \sec\left(\frac{\pi x}{36}\right) – 32 \), where \( x \) and \( y \) are both measured in cm.

The top of the channel is level with the ground and has a width of 24 cm. The maximum depth of the channel is 16 cm.

Find the width of the water surface in the channel when the water depth is 10 cm. Give your answer in the form \( a \arccos b \), where \( a, b \in \mathbb{R} \). [4]

▶️ Answer/Explanation
Markscheme Solution

Water depth of 10 cm corresponds to \( y = -6 \) (since maximum depth is 16 cm below ground level at \( y = 0 \)):

\[ 16 \sec\left(\frac{\pi x}{36}\right) – 32 = -6 \quad (M1) \]

\[ \sec\left(\frac{\pi x}{36}\right) = \frac{26}{16} = \frac{13}{8} \]

\[ \cos\left(\frac{\pi x}{36}\right) = \frac{8}{13} \quad (A1) \]

\[ \frac{\pi x}{36} = \pm \arccos \frac{8}{13} \quad (M1) \]

\[ x = \pm \frac{36}{\pi} \arccos \frac{8}{13} \]

Width of water surface is the distance between \( x \)-values:

\[ \frac{36}{\pi} \arccos \frac{8}{13} – \left(-\frac{36}{\pi} \arccos \frac{8}{13}\right) = \frac{72}{\pi} \arccos \frac{8}{13} \quad (A1) \]

[4 marks]

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