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IB Mathematics AA HL Flashcards SL 4.5 Concepts of trial, outcome

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[h]SL 4.5 Concepts of trial, outcome

[q] Trial

[a] Each time an experiment is repeated.

[q] Outcomes

[a] The possible results from a trial.

[q] Sample Space 

[a] The set of all possible outcomes in an experiment/trial.

[q] Event 

[a] Set of outcomes of an experiment to which a probability is assigned.

[q] Realtive Frequency 

[a] (No. of times an event occurs)÷(Total no. of trials)

[q] Basic  Probability

[a] If all the outcomes in a trial are equally likely, and ‘A’ is an event, then: Prob. of A occurring =  \(P(A) = \frac{no. of outcomes in A }{total no. of outcomes} = \frac{n(A)}{n(B)}\)

[q] Complementary Events

[a] The complement of an event (A’) is the event of A not occurring. So, for example, getting an odd number and getting an even number on a dice are two complementary events. As an event occurring, or not occurring, covers all eventualities, we get:  \(P(A) + P(A’) = 1\)  or  \(P(A’) = 1 – P(A)\)

[q] Expected Occurrences

[a] If you repeat the same exact trial many times, then we might want to know how many times we can expect event A to occur. If we repeated a trial 12 times, with P(A) = 1/3 it is clear that A should occur 4 times on average. In fact: E(x)= np 
 
 

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IB Mathematics AA HL Flashcards SL 4.5 Concepts of trial, outcome

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