IBDP Computer Science A2.1 Network fundamentals SL Paper 2 - New Syllabus

IBDP Computer Science SL Paper 2 - All Chapters

Question 

Recent developments in computing technologies have led to the growth of mobile computing and ubiquitous computing.

(a) Distinguish between mobile computing and ubiquitous computing. [2]
(b) Explain one reason for the growth in mobile computing. [3]

Mobile computing and ubiquitous computing both use distributed networks and cloud computing.

(c) Explain how the use of distributed networks and cloud computing has led to a decentralization of the web. [3]

Companies can use private clouds and public clouds for the storage of their data.

(d) Evaluate the use of private clouds and public clouds for the storage of a company’s data. [5]

Most-appropriate topic code

• A2.1: Network fundamentals — part (a)
• A2.2: Network architecture — part (c)
• A1.1: Computer hardware and operation — parts (b) and (d)
▶️ Answer/Explanation

(a)
Award [2 max]

Mobile computing: portable, wireless device use for remote information access. The computing happens on the device the user is carrying, and the device is visible and actively operated by the user.

Ubiquitous computing: computing is integrated into everyday objects and operates invisibly and seamlessly, with less active user engagement. Users interact with computing systems without needing to carry a specific device.

(b)
Award [3 max]

One reason is the advancement of mobile technology. Powerful hardware components have become smaller, while batteries have become longer-lasting and displays and touch-screen technologies have improved. This makes mobile devices more practical and accessible for everyday use.

Other valid reasons include:

  • Expansion of high-speed mobile networks such as 4G and 5G.
  • Greater availability of Wi-Fi.
  • Cloud computing enabling remote data access.
  • Mass production reducing device costs.
  • Increasing reliance on smartphones for social media and instant communication.
  • The growth of remote and flexible working patterns.
  • Growing demand for on-demand services and applications.

(c)
Award [3 max] Mark as [2] + [1] or [1] + [2]

  • Distributed networks reduce reliance on centralized servers for data storage and processing.
  • Data and services can be hosted across multiple, globally dispersed servers, allowing different locations to provide access to web resources.
  • Distributing resources improves resilience against failures and attacks because there is no single central point on which the whole system depends.
  • Localized data processing can reduce latency and improve the user experience.
  • Distributed networks support scalability and flexibility in managing web resources.
  • They encourage edge computing, bringing computation closer to data sources.
  • This supports a more decentralized and diverse web structure with multiple hosting and access points.

(d)

Cloud typeAdvantagesDisadvantages
Private cloud
  • Enhanced security and control.
  • Security measures can be tailored for sensitive data.
  • Infrastructure and services can be customized to specific business needs.
  • Provides greater control over data privacy and compliance with regulations.
  • Dedicated resources provide predictable performance.
  • Can be hosted internally for additional control.
  • Higher costs because the company must purchase and maintain its own infrastructure.
  • Requires specialized IT staff to manage servers, updates and security.
  • Less scalable because increasing capacity may require purchasing new hardware.
Public cloud
  • Lower upfront costs through pay-as-you-go pricing.
  • Easy to scale resources up or down according to demand.
  • Hardware and software maintenance is managed by the provider.
  • Accessible from anywhere, supporting remote work and collaboration.
  • Provides frequent updates and access to the latest technologies.
  • Potential security and privacy concerns because data is stored on shared infrastructure.
  • Possible downtime or outages are controlled by the provider.
  • Less control over configuration and compliance compared with a private cloud.

Conclusion: A private cloud is more suitable when security, privacy and control of sensitive company data are the main priorities, whereas a public cloud is more suitable when cost efficiency, scalability and accessibility are more important. A hybrid approach can combine the security of a private cloud with the scalability of a public cloud.

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