▶️ Answer/Explanation
(a) (i)
The cytoplasm: L
A ribosome: J
The structure that controls the activities of the cell: M
Explanation:
- L (Cytoplasm): This is the jelly-like substance filling the cell where metabolic reactions take place.
- J (Ribosomes): These are the small organelles (seen here as dots) responsible for protein synthesis.
- M (Nucleus): This is the large organelle containing genetic material (DNA), which controls the cell’s activities.
(a) (ii)
Structure K is a mitochondrion.
Explanation: Mitochondria are organelles responsible for aerobic respiration. They are identifiable in diagrams by their double membrane, with the inner membrane folded to form cristae.
(b)
Any one of the following: cell wall, chloroplast, or large permanent vacuole.
Explanation: Plant cells contain a cellulose cell wall for support, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large permanent vacuole for maintaining turgor pressure. These structures are absent in animal cells (animal cells may have small, temporary vacuoles, but not large permanent ones).
(c)
\(\text{glucose} + \text{oxygen} \rightarrow \text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water}\)
Explanation: Aerobic respiration is the chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules (glucose) to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products.