Question
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
A adrenaline
B insulin
C estrogen
D testosterone
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:
B. Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy or stored for later use. Insulin helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and is essential for overall metabolic function.
Question
Which row shows the effects of increased adrenaline release?
| breathing rate | pulse rate | pupil | |
|
A B C D |
decreases increases increases increases |
increases decreases increases increases |
widens widens narrows widens |
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Increased adrenaline release can have several physiological effects on the body. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body’s “fight or flight” response to stress or danger. The effects of increased adrenaline release is described by row D:
1. Increased Breathing Rate: Adrenaline causes the air passages in the lungs to dilate, allowing more oxygen to enter the bloodstream. This results in an increased breathing rate and deeper breaths, which helps to supply more oxygen to the body’s tissues to support heightened physical activity.
2. Increased Pulse Rate (Heart Rate): Adrenaline acts on the heart by increasing the rate and force of contractions. This leads to a faster heart rate, which helps pump more oxygenated blood to the muscles and organs, preparing the body for physical exertion.
3. Dilation of Pupils: Adrenaline causes the pupils of the eyes to dilate (widen). This effect is designed to improve visual acuity and increase the amount of light entering the eye, potentially allowing for better perception of the environment. This can be helpful in situations where alertness and quick reactions are essential.
Question
Which hormone is involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen?
A adrenaline
B insulin
C oestrogen
D testosterone
▶️Answer/Explanation
B insulin
Insulin is the hormone that is involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels are elevated, such as after a meal, insulin is released to help cells take up glucose for energy and to store excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This process helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and provides a readily available energy source for the body.
Question
Which row matches each hormone to its function?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Facial Hair Growth: Testosterone: Testosterone is a male sex hormone that plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues and characteristics, including the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle mass development.
Reduced Blood Glucose Concentration: Insulin: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose concentration. Insulin allows cells to use glucose for energy or store it for future use.
Repairs the Lining of Uterus: Estrogen: Estrogen is a group of hormones, primarily produced in the ovaries, that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Estrogen contributes to the repair and growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle.
Widens the Pupil: Adrenaline (Epinephrine): Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress or perceived danger. One of its effects is to cause the pupils (the black part in the center of the eyes) to dilate or widen. This allows more light to enter the eyes and enhances visual sensitivity in situations where quick reactions might be necessary.