iGCSE Biology (0610)-7.1 Diet - iGCSE Style Questions Paper 2

Question

The table shows the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of some nutrients for young children. The table also shows the masses of these nutrients eaten by a child in one day.

Which conditions will the child be at risk of developing if they consume the same diet for a long period of time?

1. anaemia (not having enough red blood cells)
2. rickets
3. scurvy

(A) $1$, $2$ and $3$
(B) $1$ and $2$ only
(C) $1$ and $3$ only
(D) $2$ only

▶️ Answer/Explanation

To determine the risk, we must identify which nutrients are consumed in amounts lower than the RDA. The child consumes $54\,mg$ of Vitamin C (exceeding the RDA of $50\,mg$) and $11\,mg$ of Iron (meeting the RDA of $11\,mg$). Therefore, there is no risk of scurvy or anaemia. However, the child consumes only $5\,\mu g$ of Vitamin D (RDA is $10\,\mu g$) and $150\,mg$ of Calcium (RDA is $260\,mg$). Deficiency in Vitamin D and Calcium over time leads to rickets, characterized by soft or weakened bones. Since only condition $2$ is a risk, the correct option is (D).
✅ Answer: (D)

Question

A student is told that their diet is not balanced and they may be at risk of developing scurvy.

What should the student do to reduce their risk of scurvy?

(A) The student should drink more milk which will provide more calcium.
(B) The student should drink more milk which will provide more vitamin C.
(C) The student should eat more citrus fruits which will provide more calcium.
(D) The student should eat more citrus fruits which will provide more vitamin C.

▶️ Answer/Explanation

Scurvy is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet. This nutrient is essential for the synthesis of collagen, which helps maintain the health of skin, blood vessels, and gums. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and limes, are well-known primary sources of vitamin C. While milk is a good source of calcium, it contains very little vitamin C and would not prevent scurvy. Therefore, increasing the intake of citrus fruits is the most effective way to address this specific deficiency.

✅ Answer: (D)

Question

A person has swollen, bleeding gums and slow wound healing.

This could be caused by a lack of which nutrient in a diet?

(A) calcium
(B) fibre
(C) iron
(D) vitamin C

▶️ Answer/Explanation

The symptoms described—swollen, bleeding gums and slow wound healing—are classic clinical signs of scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a structural protein that acts like “glue” for connective tissues, skin, and blood vessels. Without adequate collagen production, the body’s tissues begin to break down, leading to fragile capillaries and an inability to repair skin damage effectively. While iron deficiency causes anemia and calcium deficiency affects bone density, only vitamin C deficiency explains this specific combination of oral and healing issues.

✅ Answer: (D) vitamin C

iGCSE Biology (0610)-7.1 Diet – iGCSE Style Questions Paper 2

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