▶️ Answer/Explanation
Lipase is a digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. In the provided diagram, label B points to the pancreas, which is the primary site for the production of pancreatic lipase. While small amounts of lipase are also produced in the mouth and stomach, the bulk of lipid digestion relies on the enzymes secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. Label A represents the esophagus, C points to the bile duct or duodenum area, and D indicates the gallbladder/liver region. Therefore, the correct site for lipase synthesis among the choices is the pancreas.
✅ Answer: (B)
✅ Answer: (B)
▶️ Answer/Explanation
The correct row is C. Digestion in the alimentary canal involves specific enzymes acting on specific substrates at designated locations. In the mouth, salivary amylase breaks down starch, not protein (ruling out A and B). In the stomach, the highly acidic environment is ideal for proteases like pepsin to begin the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides. Amylase does not function in the stomach due to the low pH (ruling out D). Therefore, the combination of the stomach as the site, protease as the enzyme, and protein as the substrate is biologically accurate.
✅ Answer: (C)
✅ Answer: (C)
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Detailed solution
The correct answer is A.
Hydrochloric acid ($\text{HCl}$) in the stomach performs two vital roles in digestion and protection. First, it provides the highly acidic environment (low pH) required to activate pepsinogen into pepsin, the enzyme responsible for protein breakdown. Second, its strong acidity acts as a disinfectant by killing harmful bacteria and pathogens ingested with food. Since $\text{HCl}$ facilitates enzyme activity and provides a sterile environment, Row A is correct.