Home / iGCSE Biology (0610)-8.1 Xylem and phloem – iGCSE Style Questions Paper 3

iGCSE Biology (0610)-8.1 Xylem and phloem – iGCSE Style Questions Paper 3

IGCSE Biology (0610) Practice Questions Paper 3 - All Chapters
Question

(a) Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of a cross-section of a root.

(i) Circle two substances transported by the part labelled X in Fig. 4.1.

amino acids        cellulose       fatty acids      glucose
glycogen      starch       sucrose

(ii) Label the part of the root in Fig. 4.1 that absorbs mineral ions from the soil with a label line and the correct name.
(b) Mineral ions are absorbed by active transport and are transported with water in the xylem.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term active transport.

(ii) State one function of xylem other than transport.

(c) Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from leaves.
State two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration.

▶️ Answer/Explanation
Solution

(a)(i) amino acids and sucrose are circled.

Explanation: The part labelled X is the phloem, which transports organic nutrients like amino acids (for protein synthesis) and sucrose (a sugar) from leaves to other plant parts.

(a)(ii) The root hair (cell) is labelled correctly.

Explanation: Root hair cells increase surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil.

(b)(i) Active transport is the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to high concentration (against the gradient), using energy from respiration.

Explanation: Unlike diffusion, active transport requires ATP to move substances like mineral ions into root cells even when soil concentration is low.

(b)(ii) Support (mechanical strength to the plant).

Explanation: Xylem vessels are lignified, providing structural support to stems and leaves.

(c) Two environmental factors: wind speed and temperature.

Explanation: Wind removes humid air around leaves, increasing transpiration. Higher temperature accelerates water evaporation from stomata.

Question

Fig. 4.1 shows a cross section of part of a stem of buttercup, Ranunculus.
     Fig. 4.2 is an outline drawing of one vascular bundle from the stem of Ranunculus.

         

(a) Draw and label the position of the xylem and the phloem in the outline of the vascular
bundle in Fig. 4.2. [2]
(b) Name the carbohydrate that is transported in the phloem.

       

(c) Substances transported in the phloem are carried upwards in the stem at some times
       of the year and downwards at other times.
      Explain why substances are transported in the phloem upwards at one time of the year
      and downwards at another.

   

(d) Define the term transpiration.

     

(e) The rattan palm is a plant that climbs on rainforest trees to heights of about 40 metres.
        Explain how water is moved to the tops of tall plants, such as the rattan palm.

     

Answer/Explanation

Ans:

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