Question 1:-
(a) All living organisms share characteristics.
(i) State two characteristics that all living organisms share.
1 …………………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Some organisms are pathogens.
Which of these organisms can cause a bacterial disease in humans?
A Chlorella
B Lactobacillus bulgaricus
C Mucor
D Pneumococcus
(b) Viruses are pathogens but not living organisms.
(i) Describe the effect of a named virus that infects plants.
(ii) Give three differences between the structure of viruses and bacteria.
1 …………………………………………………………………………..
2…………………………………………………………………………..
3 …………………………………………………………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 1 (a)(i) An answer that makes reference to two of the following:
• (require) nutrition / food / eq (1)
• respire /eq (1)
• excrete (waste) /eq (1)
• respond to surroundings / sensitivity / eq (1)
• move /eq (1)
• control their internal conditions / homeostasis /eq (1)
• reproduce /eq (1)
• grow / develop /eq (1)
1(a)(ii) The only correct answer is
D Pneumococcus
A is not the answer as Chlorella does not cause bacterial disease in humans
B is not the answer as Lactobacillus bulgaricus does not cause bacterial disease in humans
C is not the answer as Mucor does not cause bacterial disease in humans
1 (b) (i) • Tobacco mosaic virus/ TMV (1)
• discoloured leaves / yellow leaves /
yellow spots / white leaves / white
spots / no chlorophyll/ no
chloroplasts / less chlorophyll / no
photosynthesis / less
photosynthesis /eq (1)
Allow other correctly named plant virus and effect
not just less growth
effect without correct virus scores zero
1 (b) (ii) An answer that makes reference to three of the following:
Virus
• smaller / eq (1)
• protein coat (1)
• no cell wall (1)
• no cell membrane / eq (1)
• no cytoplasm / organelles / ribosomes / no vacuole / eq (1)
• no plasmids (1)
• no flagella (1)
Mark first 3
answers
allow converse
ignore nucleus mitochondria Golgi
ignore chloroplasts loop or circles of DNA
Question 2:-
The diagram shows part of a food web from an ecosystem.
(a) (i) Using the information in the food web, draw a food chain that contains five trophic levels and includes the birds.
(ii) Describe how the bacteria and fungi obtain energy from the organic matter.
(b) A pesticide gets into this ecosystem.
The pesticide kills small and large arthropods.
Explain how this affects the population of birds and the population of worms that eat roots.
(c) Scientists use three different traps to collect some soil animals.
These traps are a basket trap, a pitfall trap, and a cul-de-sac trap.
The number of animals collected by each trap are counted each day.
The animals collected are classified into three types: springtails, mites and large arthropods.
The graph shows the scientists’ results.
Discuss the number of each animal type collected by the three traps.
Refer to the scientists’ results in your answer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans :2(a)(i) plants worms ( that eat roots)
small arthropods large arthropods
birds
(dead) plants fungi small
arthropods
large arthropods birds
(dead) plants bacteria small
arthropods
large arthropods birds
1 mark for 5
including birds
correct order and 1
for arrow direction
correct food chains
with 5 and birds
but lines or
incorrect arrow
scores 1
No credit for
pyramid
2(a)(ii) A description that makes reference to
three of the following
• digest / decompose / decays /
break down / eq (1)
• enzymes (1)
• saprophytic / saprotrophic / dead /
eq (1)
• respiration / produce ATP / (1)
ignore rot
digestive enzymes
= mp 1 and mp 2
2(b) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following
• fewer birds / eq (1)
• as fewer (large arthropods) to eat / less food / eq (1)
• more worms / eq (1)
• as fewer eaten (by small arthropods) / fewer predators
of worms /eq (1)
2(c) An answer that makes reference to five of the following
1. more mites collected (in all types/ each type of trap)/eq (1)
2. fewest arthropods collected (in all types/ each type of trap) / eq (1)
3. as more mites (in soil) / eq (1)
4. most mites collected by cul de sac traps / eq (1)
5. little difference in mite number between cul de sac and basket / eq (1)
6. fewest mites collected by pitfall traps /eq (1)
7. most springtails collected by basket / eq (1)
8. little difference in springtail numbers between cul de sac and basket / eq (1)
9. fewer springtails collected by pitfall / eq (1)
10.number of arthropods almost equal in all three traps / most arthropods collected in cul de sac/ eq (1)
11. Cul de sac collects most animals (in total) / Pitfall collects least (1)
no credit for
quoting figs
without
comparator
allow cul de sac most
effective / best at
collecting mites
pitfall least effective
at mites
basket most effective
with springtails
pitfall least effective
at springtails
C most effective
overall / P least
effective
Question 3:-
The diagram shows a plant cell with some structures labelled.
(a) (i) Which structure is the cell vacuole?
A P
B R
C S
D T
(ii) Which structure is the site of photosynthesis?
A P
B Q
C R
D T
(iii) Which structure is the cell wall?
A P
B Q
C S
D T
(iv) Structure U is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
What is the name of structure U?
A chloroplast
B mitochondrion
C ribosome
D starch granule
(b) A cell is shaped like a cube.
Each side has a length of 0.053mm.
Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of this cell.
Give your answer in the form n : 1
(c) Animal cells, unlike plant cells, do not have a cell wall.
(i) Explain how this difference affects red blood cells when placed in distilled water.
(ii) Explain how this difference affects red blood cells when placed in a concentrated salt solution.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 3(a)(i) The only correct answer is
D T is the vacuole
A is not the answer as P is not the vacuole
B is not the answer as R is not the vacuole
C is not the answer as S is not the vacuole
3(a)(ii) The only correct answer is
A P is the site of photosynthesis
B is not the answer as Q is not the site of photosynthesis
C is not the answer as R is not the site of photosynthesis
D is not the answer as T is not the site of photosynthesis
3(a)(iii) The only correct answer is
C S is the cell wall
A is not the answer as P is not the cell wall
B is not the answer as Q is not the cell wall
D is not the answer as T is not the cell wall
3(a)(iv) The only correct answer is
C U is the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis
A chloroplast is not the site of protein synthesis
B mitochondrion not the site of protein synthesis
D starch granule is not the site of protein synthesis
3(b) Volume = 0.053 × 0.053 ×
0.053 = 0.000 148 877 or
0.00015
SA = 6 × 0.053 × 0.053 =
0.016 854 or 0.017
SA to volume = 0.016 854/
0.000 148 877
113.21 or 113.2 or 113.33
or 113.3 (to 1)
allow full marks for correct answer no working
allow 1 mark for SA 0.016 854
or 0.017 or other dec places in
std form such as 1.7 × 10 -2
allow 1 mark for Vol 0.000
148 877 or 0.00015 or other dec
places or in std form such as 1.5
× 10 -4
Accept 113 (to 1) 110 (to 1) as
110 is 2 sig figs same as data
3(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to three of
the following
• water enters cell due to osmosis / eq (1)
• correct ref to water potential (high to low
water potential (gradient) /low (solute)
concentration to higher (solute)
concentration / low water potential in cell
/ high water potential outside / eq (1)
• as cannot prevent expansion / (keeps)
expanding / expands / swells /eq (1)
• animal cells / blood cells burst / eq (1)
allow from
high
concentration
of water to
lower
concentration
3(c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of
the following
• water leaves cell due to osmosis / eq (1)
• correct ref to water potential (high to low
water potential (gradient) /low (solute)
concentration to higher (solute)
concentration / low water potential
outside cell / high water potential inside
/ eq(1)
• animal cells / blood cells crenate /
collapse / shrivel / eq (1)
allow from
high
concentration
of water to
lower
concentration
ignore
flaccid
reject
plasmolysed
Question 4:-
The diagram shows a human reflex response to touching a hot object.
Some of the structures in the reflex arc are labelled.
(a) (i) Give the name of this reflex response.
(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the nerve impulse at point X.
(iii) Which structure detects the stimulus?
A E
B F
C H
D K
(iv) Which structure is the motor neurone?
A F
B G
C I
D K
(b) (i) A neurone is 1.10m in length.
The speed of the nerve impulse in this neurone is 120 metres per second.
Calculate the time, in seconds, for the impulse to pass along the neurone.
Give your answer in standard form.
time …………………………………………………….. s
(ii) Describe how the impulse passes from neurone to neurone in the reflex arc.
(c) Pain has a survival function.
If a person damages their ankle, they sense pain.
(i) Explain how sensing pain benefits an organism.
(ii) Some medicines are used to reduce pain.
These medicines work by preventing communication between the injured
ankle and the brain.
Explain which components of the nervous system may be affected by
these medicines.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 4(a)(i) • withdrawal / somatic / simple / involuntary / automatic / unconscious (1)
4(a)(ii)
arrow at X away
from spinal cord/
towards muscle
4(a)(iii) The only correct answer is
A E is where the stimulus is detected
B is not the answer as F is not where stimulus is detected
C is not the answer as H is not where stimulus is detected
D is not the answer as K is not where stimulus is detected
4(a)(iv) The only correct answer is
C I is the motor neurone
A is not the answer as F is not the motor neurone
B is not the answer as G is not the motor neurone
D is not the answer as K is not the motor neurone
4(b) (i) 1.10 ÷ 120
0.0092
9.2 ×10-3 (2)
allow 1 mark for correct answer but not in correct standard form 0.0092 or 0.00917 or 0.009167 etc or 92 ×10-4
allow full marks for correct answer alone
allow 9.17 x 10-3 allow 9.167 etc x 10-3 9.16 recurring x 10-3 full marks
4(b)(ii) A description that makes reference to two of the following
• in a synapse (1)
• neurotransmitter / named neurotransmitter (travels / moves) (1)
• by diffusion / chemical coordination / eq (1)
4(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following
• prevents / stops movement / walking / running / eq (1)
• prevents further damage /injury /eq (1)
• allows rest / recovery / healing / repair/ eq (1)
• learn to avoid painful situations/ eq (1)
not putting weight / pressure (on ankle)
4(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to four of the following :
• prevent detection of pain / stimulus /eq (1)
• by receptor / eq (1)
• prevent transmission of impulse / prevent generation of impulse / fewer impulses passed / sent / generated/ eq (1)
• in sensory neurone / eq (1)
• in relay neurone / eq (1)
• synapses / prevent synaptic transmission /eq (1)
allow stops feeling pain
stop impulses being sent/ moving along
ignore signal/ message
ignore motor neurone allow one
mark for neurones/ nerves unqualified
Question 5:-
Red blood cells and white blood cells are two of the components found in
human blood.
(a) State two other components of blood.
1 …………………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Some white blood cells destroy pathogens.
The diagram shows four stages in this process.
Describe what is happening in each stage of this process.
(c) The picture shows a human red blood cell.
(i) The actual diameter of this human red blood cell is 8.1μm.
Determine the magnification of the picture.
[1mm = 1000μm]
magnification = ……………………………………………………..
(ii) Patients with reduced numbers of red blood cells are described as anaemic.
In an investigation, scientists measure the percentage oxygen saturation of the blood and the rate of tissue deoxygenation. The rate of tissue deoxygenation is a measure of how fast oxygen is lost from the tissues.
They use four groups of patients.
• non-anaemic patients with normal blood flow
• anaemic patients with normal blood flow
• non-anaemic patients with slow blood flow
• anaemic patients with slow blood flow
The table shows the scientists’ results.
Discuss the relationships between anaemia, blood flow, percentage oxygen saturation of blood and rate of tissue deoxygenation.
You should refer to data in the table and use your biological knowledge in your answer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 5(a) An answer that makes reference to the following
• plasma (1)
• platelets (1)
Mark first two answers only
5(b) A description that makes reference to four of the following points
(Stage 1 and Stage 2)
• phagocyte / phagocytosis (1)
• engulf / pseudopodia / surround /eq (1)
• bacterium / pathogen inside white cell / inside vesicle / inside phagosome / eq (1)
(Stage 3)
• vesicles fuse with bacterium / vesicle fuses with phagosome eq (1)
• enzymes digest (bacterium / pathogen) / enzymes break down (bacterium / pathogen) /eq (1)
(Stage 4)
• products (of digestion) expelled (from white cell) / (from the phagosome/ from the vesicle) eq (1)
allow marking points (in order) even if no reference to stages
this can be gained in any stage
allow enclosed completely engulfed
allow lysosome
allow digestive enzymes
(waste) products / remains of bacterium / (broken down ) bacterium pathogen secreted / excreted / released / exocytosis
5(c)(i)measurement of diagram 5.7 (5.5-5.9 ) cm or 55 -59 mm
conversion of units cm × 10,000 or mm × 1,000 magnification = 57000 (55000- 59000) ÷8.1 = 7037 (6790 – 7284) (3)
allow 1 mark for measurement with units
1 mark for 5.7 ×10,000 or 57 × 1000 or allow 8.1 ÷10,000 or ÷ 1000
allow full marks for correct answer alone
allow 6800-7300 given to 2 sig figs for 3 marks
5(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to five of the following
1. normal blood flow % oxygen /saturation is higher (than slow ) / (in non-anaemic / anaemic patients) eq (1)
2. normal blood flow rate of deoxygenation higher (in non-anaemic / anaemic patients) / eq (1)
3. % oxygen /saturation lower in anaemic (in normal and slow blood flow) / eq (1)
4. greater difference in % oxygen/ saturation between non-anaemic and anaemic in slow blood flow than normal blood flow/ eq (1)
5. fewer red blood cells / less haemoglobin in anaemic patients / eq (1)
6. ( fewer red cells)to carry oxygen (1)
7. anaemic patients tissues deoxygenate faster / eq (1)
8. little difference in deoxygenation (between normal and slow blood flow patients ) / eq (1)
9. reference to high numbers of non-anaemic / lower numbers especially of anaemic slow blood flow (so data less reliable)
10. factors such as smoking/ mass / sex / diet / blood pressure / activity / genetics / eq (1)
no credit
for quoting figures alone
unless ref
to only higher etc
lower in slow
lower in slow flow
higher in non-anaemic
more in non-anaemic
non-anaemic deoxgenate slower
Question 6:-
Many characteristics of pea plants are genetically controlled.
One of these characteristics is flower position.
Flower position can either be axial or terminal.
In a first cross, scientists crossed pea plants with axial flowers with pea plants with terminal flowers.
This first cross produced 1120 offspring plants.
All of these offspring plants had axial flowers.
(a) Use a genetic diagram to show the genotypes of the parent plants, the gametes they produce and the genotypes of the offspring plants.
(b) The scientists allowed the offspring from the first cross to self-fertilise.
This second cross produced 858 second generation plants. 608 of the plants had axial flowers and the other plants had terminal flowers.
(i) Calculate the ratio of plants with axial flowers to plants with terminal flowers.
Give your answer in the form n:1
ratio = …………………………. :1
(ii) Explain why the ratio of plants with axial flowers to plants with terminal flowers is different from the expected ratio.
(c) Scientists want to discover if plants with axial flowers produce more seeds than plants with terminal flowers.
Design an investigation to discover whether plants with axial flowers produce more seeds than plants with terminal flowers.
Include experimental details in your answer and write in full sentences.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 6(a) An answer that makes reference to the following
• genotypes of parents AA and aa (1)
• gametes formed A a (1)
• genotype of offspring all Aa (1)
allow all marks from Punnet square (even if unlabelled)
if incorrect parent genotypes allow TE for
Gamete mark for 1 max
to score any marks must have a capital and lower case allow any suitable letter including different letters
6(b) (i)858 – 608 = 250
ratio = 608 to 250
2.43 or 2.4 or 2.432 (2)
allow 1 mark for unsimplified ratio 608:250 in working or as answer
6(b) (ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following
• expected ratio is 3:1 / 75% and 25%(1)
• role of chance / probability / random /eq (1)
• fertilisation / which gametes fuse /eq (1)
• fewer axial survive / germinate / selection / fewer axial pollinated / eq
allow self fertilisation random fertilisation scores mp 2 and 3
allow converse
6 (c) C axial flower plants and terminal flower plants / eq (1)
O of same species / named species / age /colour / size / condition / with same number of flowers/ eq (1)
R repeat / calculate mean (for many plants of axial and terminal ) / eq (1)
M1 count how many seeds/ number of seeds / amount of seeds / mass of seeds (per plant / per flower) / eq (1)
M2 collect seed after same / stated time period/ ensure they self pollinate / pollinate using brush / cover and allow to self
pollinate / eq (1)
S1 grow at same temperature / same light / in green house / same carbon dioxide / eq
S2 same water / same mineral ions / same soil / eq (1)
Question 7:-
Lipase digests lipid into fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids change the pH of the solution.
A student uses this method to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of lipase.
Step 1 label a test tube with the temperature (20°C)
Step 2 add 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the test tube
Step 3 add 5cm3 of milk to the test tube
Step 4 add 7cm3 of sodium carbonate solution to the test tube
(the contents of the test tube will now be pink)
Step 5 place a thermometer in the test tube
Step 6 place the test tube in a water bath at 20°C for 5 minutes
Step 7 place a beaker containing lipase in the same water bath for 5 minutes
Step 8 replace the thermometer with a glass rod
Step 9 measure out 1cm3 of lipase from the beaker in the water bath
Step 10 add the lipase to the test tube, stir the contents and record the time until the contents lose their pink colour
The student repeats this method for five more temperatures, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C.
(a) State why the student leaves the test tube and the beaker in the water bath for 5 minutes in steps 6 and 7.
(b) (i) Give the dependent variable in this investigation.
(ii) State one variable the student controls in their investigation.
(c) Suggest the purpose of the phenolphthalein indicator in the investigation.
(d) The table shows the student’s results.
Plot a line graph to show the effect of temperature on the time taken for the contents of the test tube to lose the pink colour.
Use a ruler to join your points with straight lines.
(e) Explain why increasing temperature affects the time taken for the contents of the test tube to lose the pink colour.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 7(a) • so that enzyme / substrate / test tube / beaker / solutions
are at / reach correct
temperature / same
temperature / 20OC / eq (1)
ignore reach optimum
temperature / keep
temperature constant
7(b)(i) • time taken (to lose pink colour / change colour for milk / lipid to be digested) / rate of reaction / digestion / eq (1)
7(b)(ii) • volume of lipase / volume of milk / volume of sodium
carbonate / time left in water bath (in stages 6 and 7) / volume / number of drops of phenolphthalein / eq
(1)
7(c) • to show all lipid digested / milk digested/ show fatty
acids produced/ to show end (point) of reaction /
show (changes in) pH / eq (1)
7 (d) An answer that includes
• graph plot covering at least 2.5 large squares for height and scale linear (1)
• Lines straight and through all points (1)
• Axes correct way round (temp x and time y) (1)
• Units labelled with temperature in oC and
time in seconds / s (1)
• Points correctly plotted within half a small square (1)
allow full or
truncated axis
No L if extrapolated
No L if bar chart
even if unlabelled
7(e) An explanation that makes reference to four
of the following
• increased (kinetic) energy / molecules move faster/ more collisions / more enzyme substrate complexes formed / eq (1)
• so time (to lose pink colour) decreases (1)
• (up to/ till) optimum temperature / eq (1)
• (time increases as) bonds in active site break / enzymes denature / eq (1)
• (enzyme) active site changes shape / substrate can no longer fit / bind with enzyme / active site / eq (1)
allow low energy at low temp
allow rate increases /
reaction quicker / allow slow rate at lower temp / lipase digests lipid quicker
allow enzyme and substrate no longer complementary
Question 8:-
Yeast can be used in experiments to investigate the effect of different concentrations
of glucose solution on the rate of anaerobic respiration.
The diagram shows apparatus used to measure the rate of anaerobic respiration
in yeast.
(a) Give the function of the water bath.
(b) Liquid A can be used to identify the gas released during anaerobic respiration by the yeast.
Explain which substance can be used as liquid A.
(c) A student wants to accurately measure the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast using this apparatus.
State what additional apparatus they would require.
(d) The process of anaerobic respiration is sometimes referred to as fermentation.
Industrial fermenters are used to grow microorganisms. These microorganisms produce penicillin, an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections.
(i) Explain how named conditions in an industrial fermenter are controlled.
(ii) Some antibiotics are becoming less effective at controlling bacterial infections.
Explain how bacteria have evolved so that antibiotics are less effective.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 8(a) • Keep constant temperature / maintain temperature / control temperature / eq (1)
ignore heat / cool
8(b) An explanation that includes the following either
• lime water (1)
• turns cloudy (with carbon dioxide) (1)
or
• hydrogen carbonate / bicarbonate / sodium
hydrogencarbonate / eq (1)
• turns yellow / orange (with carbon dioxide)
/eq (1)
Can only get change if
correct indicator given
8(c) an answer that refers to one of the following
• stopwatch / stopclock / timer /eq (1)
• syringe / measuring cylinder / burette / eq (1)
8(d)(i) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following
• provide oxygen (for respiration) / eq (1)
• aerator / sparger / air inlet (1)
• maintain optimum temperature / suitable temperature / prevent
overheating / cool fermenter / eq (1)
• temperature monitor / temperature probe (cold)-water jacket / eq (1)
• maintain optimum / suitable pH / eq (1)
• pH probe / pH monitor / control of inlet to acid / alkali / eq (1)
• prevent contamination/ keep aseptic /growth of other bacteria / microorganisms/ eq (1)
• air filter to remove dust / bacteria / sterilised / steam cleaned (before
use)/ eq (1)
• to mix contents / evenly distribute contents / nutrients / fungi / organisms / oxygen / heat /eq (1)
• stirrer / paddles / eq(1)
idea is pairs of
named condition
and method
can only score
method if
condition named.
allow to exclude
oxygen if anaerobic
oxygen replaced
with N2 or CO2 / eq
ignore maintain high
temp
8(d)(ii)
An explanation that makes reference to four of the following points
• a mutation in bacteria / eq (1)
• (can confer) resistance to antibiotic / (makes these) bacteria resistant /
eq (1)
• (only) resistant bacteria survive / no / less competition with other
non-resistant bacteria (1)
• resistant bacteria reproduce / multiply /eq (1)
• passing on alleles / genes (for resistance) (1)
• increase in frequency / population / increase in numbers of resistant bacteria / most illness disease caused by resistant strains / eq (1)
ignore immune
non-resistant die
non-resistant do not reproduce
non-resistant do not
pass on alleles
Question 9:-
Genetically modified bacteria are used to produce the hormone insulin.
(a) Explain how these genetically modified bacteria are produced.
(b) Explain the role of insulin in the human body.
(c) Some people are unable to produce insulin.
This condition is called diabetes mellitus.
People with diabetes mellitus control the condition by using insulin injections, controlling their diet, and monitoring how much they exercise.
(i) Explain why the insulin is injected rather than taken by mouth.
(ii) State why people with diabetes mellitus need to monitor how much they exercise.
(iii) State how people with diabetes mellitus may need to modify their diet compared with people who do not have diabetes mellitus.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 9(a)An explanation that includes four of the following points
• restriction enzyme used to cut gene / DNA / gene coding for (production of human) insulin / eq (1)
• (same) restriction enzyme to cut bacterial plasmid (1)
• (to produce) complementary pairings /
sticky ends / eq (1)
• ligase enzyme used to join / insert gene /
DNA into plasmid (1)
• plasmid / vector inserted into / taken up
by bacterium (1)
insulin gene / insulin DNA
9(b) An explanation that makes reference to two
of the following
• causes liver / muscles to take up blood glucose or (convert) glucose to glycogen / eq (1)
• when blood glucose concentration/ blood glucose / increases / is high / eq (1)
• reduces blood glucose /eq (1)
not breaks down glucose to glycogen
allow blood sugar
allow blood sugar
ignore controls glucose
9(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following
• insulin is a protein / eq (1)
• digested / broken down / eq (1)
• by protease / pepsin / trypsin / in stomach / in small intestine / into
amino acids / eq (1)
allow denatured in stomach for mp 2
and mp 3
9(c)(ii)• (exercise) uses glucose / (exercise) increases glucose use
/ (exercise) increases sugar use / (exercise) reduces (blood) glucose / reduces (blood) sugar / (blood) glucose / sugar might get too low / become hypoglycaemic /eq (1)
9(c)(iii)
• control / limit the carbohydrates /
sugars / glucose in their diet / eq (1)
allow replace sugar
with starch / eq