iGCSE Physics (0625) 3.2.2 Refraction of light Paper 3 -Exam Style Questions- New Syllabus
Question
(a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of red light incident on a glass prism at point P. The ray of red light is refracted at point P

On Fig. 7.1:
(i) draw the normal at point P
(ii) draw the path of the ray of red light through the glass prism and into the air.
(b) A ray of blue light replaces the ray of red light. The angle of incidence for the blue ray entering the prism is the same as in Fig. 7.1. Describe any difference between the path of the blue ray in the prism and the path of the red ray in the prism.
(c) Another ray enters the glass prism and is totally internally reflected. State two conditions for a ray to be totally internally reflected.
Most-appropriate topic codes (Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625):
• Topic 3.2.2 — Refraction of light (Parts (a), (b), (c))
▶️ Answer/Explanation
(a)(i) correct normal
(a)(ii) ray in glass refracted towards the normal; ray in air refracted away from the normal
(b) greater refraction / smaller angle of refraction (at air–glass boundary)
(c) (ray of light) travelling from glass to air; angle of incidence greater than critical angle
Detailed solution:
(a) The normal is a dashed line drawn perpendicular to the prism surface at point P. Upon entering the denser glass, the light slows down and bends towards this normal; upon exiting back into less dense air, it speeds up and bends away from the normal. (b) Blue light has a higher frequency and shorter wavelength than red light, causing it to slow down more in glass, resulting in a greater change in direction (greater refraction). (c) Total internal reflection requires the light to be in the optically denser medium (glass) moving towards a less dense medium (air), and the angle of incidence inside the glass must exceed the critical angle for the glass-air boundary.
