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CIE iGCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Prediction

CIE iGCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Prediction - 2025

CIE iGCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Prediction – 2025

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Questions 1

A sample of argon gas is heated in a closed container. Which row describes what happens to the pressure and the size of the argon atoms?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Questions 2

Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, to produce hydrogen gas. Which row identifies the reaction conditions that give the fastest rate of reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Questions 3

An ion is represented by the symbol \( _{8}^{18}\textrm{O}^{2-}\). Which statements about this ion are correct?
1 The ion contains 8 electrons.
2 The ion contains 10 neutrons.
3 The ion contains 8 protons.
A 1 and 2

B 1 and 3

C 2 only

D 2 and 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Questions 4

Which statement about the bonding in sodium chloride is correct?
A The sodium and chlorine atoms share pairs of electrons.
B The chlorine atoms give electrons to the sodium atoms to form positive and negative ions.
C There is covalent bonding between sodium and chlorine.
D The positive and negative ions have noble gas electronic configurations.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Questions 5

Which statement is correct?
A Air is a mixture of gaseous elements only.
B Alloys are formed when a metal is ionically bonded to other elements.
C Carbon dioxide is a mixture of carbon and oxygen.
D Potassium bromide is an ionic compound

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Question 6

 In which molecule are all the outer shell electrons from each atom used to form covalent bonds?
A \(CH_4\)      B \(Cl_2\)      C \(H_2O\)      D \(NH_3\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

All the outer shell electrons are used here to form covalent bonds.

In B, C and D, Cl, O and N have unshared outer shell electrons as lone pair.

Questions 7

The diagram shows the arrangement of carbon atoms in a giant covalent structure.

Which row identifies the substance and describes a use of this substance?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Question 8

Iron is extracted from its ore in a blast furnace.

The equations for four different reactions are shown.

  1. 4Fe + 3CO2 → 2Fe2O3 + 3C
  2. CO2 → C + O2
  3. CO2 + C → 2CO
  4. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Which equations represent reactions that occur in the blast furnace?

A 1 and 2 only               B 1 and 3 only                C 2 and 3 only                D 3 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:

D

CO2 + C → 2CO

This equation represents the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) from carbon (C) and carbon dioxide. In the blast furnace, coke (carbon) is used as the source of carbon. When the carbon reacts with the carbon dioxide produced from other reactions, it forms carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is a crucial reducing agent that will reduce the iron(III) oxide to produce iron metal.

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 

This equation represents the reduction of iron(III) oxide with carbon monoxide (CO) as the reducing agent. In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide reacts with iron(III) oxide to produce elemental iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide. This reaction is a key step in the extraction of iron, as it results in the formation of molten iron that can be collected at the bottom of the furnace.

Questions 9

Which row identifies methods of testing the purity of a compound?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans A

Question 10

Dilute sulfuric acid and lead(II) bromide are electrolysed separately. Which statements are correct?
1 Colourless gases are produced when dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed.
2 Lead(II) bromide can be electrolysed when molten.
3 Lead is formed at the positive electrode when lead(II) bromide is electrolysed.
4 Sulfate ions are produced at the negative electrode when dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed.

A 1 and 2

B 1 and 3

C 2 and 3

D 3 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans A

Questions 11

 Which equation represents the overall reaction in a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell?
A \(4H + O_2 → 2H_2O\)
B \(2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O\)
C \(H_2 + O_2 → H_2O\)
D \(2H + O → H_2O\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Questions 12

Which statements about endothermic reactions are correct?
1 The energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants.
2 The energy of the reactants is greater than the energy of the products.
3 The temperature of the surroundings increases during the reaction.
4 The temperature of the surroundings decreases during the reaction.
A 1 and 3

B 1 and 4

C 2 and 3

D 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Question 13

A known mass of gaseous ammonia and excess gaseous hydrogen chloride react together to make solid ammonium chloride. Line X shows the total mass of ammonium chloride produced over time. The reaction is repeated at a higher pressure. All other conditions are kept the same. Line Y shows the total mass of ammonium chloride produced over time at the higher pressure. Which diagram is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Question 14

Water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate. Which row describes the direction of energy change and the colour change of the mixture during the reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Question 15

A method used to investigate the rate of reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid under different conditions is shown. Place 50 \(cm^3\)
• of dilute hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.
• Add a known volume of water to the conical flask.
• Heat the conical flask to the required temperature.
• Add 1.0 g of calcium carbonate to the conical flask.
• Measure the time taken for the reaction to finish.
Which volume of water and which temperature give the shortest time taken for the reaction to finish?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Question 16

Which reaction produces a white-coloured substance?
A adding water to anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
B adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
C heating hydrated cobalt(II) chloride
D heating hydrated copper(II) sulfate

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Question 17

In a blast furnace, iron is extracted when iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The equation is shown.
\(Fe_2O_3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO_2\)
Which substance is oxidised and which is reduced in this reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans A

Question 18

Aqueous sodium hydroxide is reacted with excess dilute hydrochloric acid. Which ion causes the resulting mixture to be acidic?

A \(Na^+\)

B \(H^+\)

C \(OH^-\)

D \(Cl^-\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Question 19

 Oxides of nitrogen are given out from car exhausts.
Which row best shows why oxides of nitrogen are unwanted in the atmosphere?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:D

When fuel is burned in an internal combustion engine, such as in cars, nitrogen and oxygen from the air combine under high temperatures to form various oxides of nitrogen, primarily nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases are collectively referred to as NOx.

Nitrogen dioxide is a particularly harmful component of NOx. It is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor. NO2 can cause respiratory problems, irritation of the respiratory system, and contribute to the development or exacerbation of conditions such as asthma and other lung diseases. It can also have negative environmental impacts on plants and ecosystems.

Furthermore, NOx gases contribute to the formation of nitric acid in the atmosphere, which is a corrosive and environmentally harmful acid. Nitric acid can damage buildings, infrastructure, and vegetation when it falls as acid rain.

Question 20

Which rows identify two aqueous salts which react together to produce a precipitate?

A 1 and 4

B 1 and 3

C 2 and 3

D 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Question 21

Four mixtures each contain a halogen and an aqueous sodium halide. Which row describes what happens in the mixtures shown?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Questions 22

The table gives some information about three elements in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Which row identifies the melting point and the density of rubidium?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans B

Questions 23

Part of the Periodic Table is shown. Which element is the most reactive non-metal?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Questions 24

Which row describes a transition element?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Questions 25

Which statement about bonding is correct?
A All the atoms in \(CH_4\), \(NH_3\) and \(H_2O\) molecules have noble gas electronic configurations.
B Calcium chloride is a covalent molecule.
C Group I metals gain electrons when they bond with Group VII elements.
D Oxide ions in calcium oxide are positively charged.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans A

Questions 26

Which statement about the use of metals is correct?
A Aluminium has a high strength and high density so is used to make aircraft.
B Copper has a low melting point so is used in electrical wiring.
C Aluminium is resistant to corrosion so is used in food containers.
D Zinc is used to make the alloy stainless steel which is used in cutlery.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Questions 27

Four different metals are separately mixed with an equal volume of dilute hydrochloric acid. The table shows the rate of effervescence for each metal.

What is the order of reactivity of the four metals starting with the most reactive?
A iron → magnesium → calcium → copper
B magnesium → calcium → copper → iron
C copper → iron → magnesium → calcium
D calcium → magnesium → iron → copper

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Questions 28

A farmer knows his soil needs phosphorus and potassium. He has a choice of four fertilisers.
1 \(NH_4NO_3\)
2 \((NH_4)_3PO_4\)
3 \(KNO_3\)
4 \((NH_2)_2CO\)
Which fertilisers should he use?
A 1 and 2

B 1 and 4

C 2 and 3

D 3 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Question 29

 Which statement shows that a liquid is pure water?
A It boils at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

B It has a pH value of 7 .

C It turns blue cobalt(II) chloride pink.

D It turns white copper(II) sulfate blue.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:A

If a liquid boils at exactly 100 degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure (1 atmosphere or 101.3 kPa), then it is pure water. Boiling point is a characteristic property of a substance, and for water at sea level, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit).

Questions 30

Which compound can be added to ammonium sulfate to make an NPK fertiliser?
A \((NH_4)_3PO_4\)
B \(KNO_3\)
C \(K_3PO_4\)
D \(CO(NH_2)_2\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Questions 31

Which strategies are useful in reducing the production of acid rain?
1 planting trees
2 using catalytic converters in motor vehicles
3 reducing livestock farming
4 using low-sulfur fuels
A 1 and 3

B 1 and 4

C 2 and 3

D 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans D

Question 32

Which two gases make up approximately 99% of clean, dry air?
A carbon dioxide and nitrogen
B carbon dioxide and oxygen
C nitrogen and oxygen
D argon and nitrogen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Approximately 78% of the atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas. N2 is a non-reactive, inert gas and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the atmosphere.

Oxygen: Oxygen makes up about 21% of the atmosphere. It is essential for respiration and combustion processes and is vital for supporting aerobic life forms.

Together, nitrogen and oxygen account for around 99% of the atmosphere’s composition.

Questions 33

Which of the statements about propene are correct?
1 Propene contains only single bonds.
2 Propene decolourises aqueous bromine.
3 Propene is obtained by cracking large alkanes.
4 Propene is a hydrocarbon.
A 1, 3 and 4

B 1 only

C 2, 3 and 4

D 2 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Question 34

Some information about compound L is listed.

1 L is an organic compound which contains four hydrogen atoms.
2 L is soluble in water.
3 An aqueous solution of L reacts with copper(II) carbonate to produce a gas.
What is L?
A methane
B ethene
C ethanoic acid
D ethanol

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

  1. L is an organic compound containing four hydrogen atoms: Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) has four hydrogen atoms.

  2. L is soluble in water: Ethanoic acid is indeed soluble in water. It forms a polar covalent bond with water molecules, making it miscible in water.

  3. An aqueous solution of L reacts with copper(II) carbonate to produce a gas: When ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) reacts with copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3), it produces carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as one of the products.

Questions 35

The equation for a reaction that produces ethanol is shown.
ethene + steam → ethanol
Which type of reaction does the equation represent?
A addition
B combustion
C fermentation
D polymerisation

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans A

Questions 36

The structure of a compound, G, is shown. G is in the same homologous series as ethanoic acid.

Which row describes an aqueous solution of G?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Question 37

 Methane and carbon dioxide are both greenhouse gases.

Which row identifies a source of methane and a source of carbon dioxide?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:

B

Digestion in animals, particularly in the digestive systems of ruminant animals (such as cows, sheep, and goats), is a significant source of methane emissions. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and its release during the digestive process of ruminants contributes to global warming and climate change.

When diesel fuel is burned in the engine of a diesel car, it undergoes a combustion process that releases energy and produces several byproducts, including carbon dioxide.

Questions 38

Substance X and four known substances, P, Q, R and S, are analysed by chromatography. The chromatogram produced is shown.

Which statement about X is correct?
A It is a mixture of P, Q and S.
B It contains P and S only.
C It contains P, S and another unknown substance.
D It is a mixture of Q, R and S.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans C

Question 39

A student carries out an experiment to prepare pure magnesium sulfate crystals.
The diagram shows the first stage of the preparation.

He adds magnesium carbonate until no more reacts.
Which process should he use for the next stage?

A crystallisation

B evaporation

C filtration

D neutralisation

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:B

In the next stage after adding magnesium carbonate until no more reacts is evaporation, then the student should perform the process of evaporation for further preparation of pure magnesium sulfate crystals. As the solution is heated, the acid content will gradually evaporate, leaving behind more concentrated magnesium sulfate solution. Continue heating and evaporating until a desired concentration is achieved.

Question 40

 Lime is used to treat an industrial waste.

Which change occurs in the treatment?

Answer/Explanation

Ans:

A

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