CIE iGCSE Co-Ordinated Science B13.2 Hormones Exam Style Questions Paper 3
Question
(a) A student watches some scary movies.
The average pulse rate of the student is measured during each movie.
The highest pulse rate of the student is also recorded.
Table 1.1 shows the results.
The student has a ‘flight or fight’ response to the movies causing adrenaline to be released.
(i) Identify the movie in Table 1.1 that results in the lowest average pulse rate.
…………………….
(ii) Identify the movie in Table 1.1 that results in the greatest release of adrenaline.
…………………….
(iii) Movie D lasts 2 hours.
Using the average pulse rate, calculate the total number of heart beats during the movie.
total = ………………………………………… beats
(iv) Circle the target organ for adrenaline that causes the results in Table 1.1.
heart kidney ovary stomach skin
(b) State two other effects of adrenaline on the body.
Do not include the effect on pulse rate.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) State the component of blood that transports the hormone adrenaline.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) The ‘flight or fight’ situation is a response to a change in the environment.
This is an example of one of the characteristics of living things.
(i) State the name of this characteristic.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of one other characteristic of living things.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 1(a)(i) B ;
1(a)(ii) C ;
1(a)(iii) 2 hours = 120 minutes ;
(120× 80) = 9600 ;
1(a)(iv) heart circled ;
1(b) any two from:
increased breathing rate ;
widening of pupils ;
AVP ;;
1(c) plasma ;
1(d)(i) sensitivity ;
1(d)(ii) any one from:
movement ;
respiration ;
growth ;
reproduction ;
excretion ;
nutrition ;
Question
(a) A person touches a hot pan and instantly removes their hand.
This is a reflex action.
The reflex arc is shown in Fig. 10.1.
(i) State the names of the stimulus and the effector in this reflex arc.
stimulus …………………………………………………………………………
effector …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the name of the neurone labelled X in Fig. 10.1.
(iii) The spinal cord is one part of the central nervous system.
State the name of the other part of the central nervous system.
(b) Neurones are the longest cells in the body.
One neurone measures 1.5 m in length.
One plant cell measures 0.1 mm in length.
Calculate how many times longer the neurone is than the plant cell.
(c) Hormones and nerve impulses both carry information around the body.
Identify if each statement is about hormones or nerve impulses.
They are carried in the blood. …………………………………………………………………………………….
They are produced by glands. …………………………………………………………………………………….
They are electrical signals. ………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Adrenaline is a hormone released in ‘fight or flight’ situations.
Describe two effects of adrenaline on the body.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 10(a)(i) stimulus – (change in) temperature ;
effector – muscle (in arm) ;
10(a)(ii) X – motor neurone ;
10(a)(iii) brain ;
10(b) evidence of conversion ;
(1500 / 0.1 or 1.5 / 0.0001) = 15000 / 1.5 × 104 ;
10(c) hormone
hormone
nerve impulse ;;
10(d) any two from:
increased depth of breathing / breathing rate ;
increased pulse rate / heart rate ;
widened pupils ;
AVP ;;
Question
(a) Complete the definition of the term hormone.
A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a ………………………………………..and carried by
the blood. It alters the activity of one or more specific target …………………………………. .
(b) State the name of the component of blood that transports hormones.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) A person experiences a scary event whilst wearing a heart rate monitor.
Fig. 4.1 shows her heart rate before, during and after the event.
(i) Use Fig. 4.1 to suggest the time that the scary event takes place.
time = …………………………………….. minutes
(ii) Use Fig. 4.1 to identify the maximum heart rate of this person.
heart rate = ………………………………………….. bpm
(iii) State the name of the hormone that causes the increase in heart rate seen in Fig. 4.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) State two other effects of this hormone.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Complete these sentences about the human nervous system.
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and the ……………………………………….. nervous system.
The central nervous system has two parts: the ………………………………………..
and the ……………………………………….. .
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 4(a) gland ;
organs ;
4(b) plasma ;
4(c)(i) 4 (minutes) ;
4(c)(ii) 109 (bpm) ;
4(c)(iii) adrenaline ;
4(c)(iv) widened pupils ;
increased breathing rate ;
any valid point ;;
4(d) peripheral ;
brain ;
spinal cord ;
Question
(a) Use words from the list to complete the sentences about adrenaline.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all. (Sub-topic: B13.2)
breathing exercise fight narrow rest widen
Adrenaline is the hormone secreted in ‘ ………………….. or flight’ situations.
Adrenaline increases pulse rate and ………………….. rate.
Adrenaline also causes pupils in the eye to ……………… .
▶️Answer/Explanation
Adrenaline is the hormone secreted in ‘fight or flight’ situations.
Adrenaline increases pulse rate and breathing rate.
Adrenaline also causes pupils in the eye to widen.
(b) The boxes on the left show some sentence beginnings.
The boxes on the right show some sentence endings.
Draw one line to link one box on the left to one box on the right to define the term hormone. (Sub-topic: B13.2)
▶️Answer/Explanation
left hand box ;
right hand box ;
(c) State the two parts of the central nervous system (CNS). (Sub-topic: B13.1)
▶️Answer/Explanation
- Brain
- Spinal cord
(d) A student describes a nerve impulse.
The description is not correct.
‘A nerve impulse is a chemical signal that passes along nerve cells called connectors.’
Circle the two words in the student’s description that are not correct. (Sub-topic: B13.1)
▶️Answer/Explanation
The two incorrect words are: chemical and connectors.
A nerve impulse is an electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurons.
Question
(a) Adrenaline is released in ‘fight or flight’ situations.
The concentration of adrenaline in the blood was monitored in three different people for 24 hours.
The results are shown in Fig. 10.1.
(i) Suggest which person is under the most stress during this time.
Give a reason for your answer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: Person A
Explanation: Adrenaline is a hormone released during stressful situations, and its concentration in the blood is directly related to the level of stress. Person A has the highest concentration of adrenaline, which suggests they are experiencing the most stress compared to Persons B and C.
(ii) State the time with the lowest release of adrenaline for all three people.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: 03:00
Explanation: The graph shows that the concentration of adrenaline in the blood is lowest at 03:00 for all three individuals, indicating the lowest release of adrenaline at this time.
(iii) Describe two effects of adrenaline on the body.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
1. Increased heart rate
2. Widened pupils
Explanation: Adrenaline prepares the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response by increasing the heart rate to pump more blood to muscles and widening the pupils to improve vision in low light conditions.
(iv) State which part of the blood transports hormones such as adrenaline.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: Plasma
Explanation: Hormones like adrenaline are transported throughout the body via the plasma, which is the liquid component of blood.
(b) Table 10.1 shows the number of new infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one country in the years 2002 and 2009.
| Year | Number of new HIV infections |
|---|---|
| 2002 | 6980 |
| 2009 | 3100 |
(i) Calculate the decrease in new infections between 2002 and 2009.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: 3880
Explanation: The decrease in new infections is calculated by subtracting the number of new infections in 2009 from the number in 2002: 6980 – 3100 = 3880.
(ii) Describe two methods of transmission of HIV.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer:
1. Sexual contact
2. Sharing needles
Explanation: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person or by sharing needles or syringes contaminated with the virus.
(iii) State the name of the deficiency syndrome that HIV can lead to.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Answer: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Explanation: HIV can lead to AIDS, which is a condition where the immune system is severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Question
Fig. 10.1 is a drawing of a person doing a parachute jump. Before the jump, the person experiences a large increase in the production of the hormone adrenaline, which targets the liver and the heart.
(a) Describe how adrenaline is transferred to the heart and the liver.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Adrenaline is transferred to the heart and the liver through the bloodstream. It is released into the blood by the adrenal glands and travels to target organs like the heart and liver.
(b) Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show all the effects of adrenaline on the body in Table 10.1.
| Effect | Tick |
|---|---|
| Decreased pulse rate | |
| Increased breathing rate | |
| Increased transpiration | |
| Mutation of DNA | |
| Widened pupils |
▶️Answer/Explanation
Adrenaline increases breathing rate and widens pupils. It does not decrease pulse rate, increase transpiration, or cause DNA mutation.
(c) One other effect of adrenaline is an increased rate of respiration.
(i) State the word equation for respiration.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
(ii) State why respiration is needed for muscle contraction.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Respiration releases energy, which is needed for muscle contraction.
(d) Respiration is one of the characteristics of living things. State two other characteristics of living things.
▶️Answer/Explanation
1. Movement
2. Growth