Question

(a) A list of processes is shown.

                                      chromatography
                                          combustion
                                             cracking
                                        electroplating
                                         fermentation
                                            filtration
                                            oxidation
                                      polymerisation
                                            rusting
  Identify, from the list, the process that is used to:
  (i) break down large hydrocarbon alkane molecules into smaller alkene and smaller alkane molecules.

  (ii) make ethanol from glucose.

  (iii) make long chain molecules from small monomer units.

  (iv) separate a mixture of dyes.

  (v) cover a metal with a layer of copper.

(b) Sodium chloride is made by reacting an acid with a base.
       State the name of the acid and the base that are used.
       acid …………………………
       base …………………………….

(c) An atom of sodium has 11 electrons. A sodium ion has the symbol Na+.
      Complete Fig. 2.1 to show the electronic structures of a sodium atom and a sodium ion. The first electron shell has been completed for you.

(d) Sodium and chlorine are both in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
       Use words from the list to complete the sentence to describe the changes in metallic nature across a period in the Periodic Table.
       Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

          left                  metallic                      non-metallic              right

       Going from ………………. to …………….., the elements change from ……………………. to ………………….. .