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Biological molecules Flashcards iGCSE Biology

Biological molecules Flashcards iGCSE Biology

iGCSE Biology Flashcards – All Topics

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[h] Biological molecules Flashcards iGCSE Biology

[q] DNA is composed of?

[a] Two strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. Each strand is made up of a sugar backbone with bases attached. These bases bind to bases on the other strand to form cross-links when they are wound together. There are four types of base: G, C, A and T. G always binds to C and A always binds to T. 

 

[q] Lipids (like Fats and Oils) are made up of?

[a] Fatty acids and glycerol

 

[q] Test for Protein

[a]

  • Add drops of Biuret solution to the food sample
  • Colour change: blue → violet
 

[q] Test for Starch

 

[a]

  • Add drops of iodine solution to the food sample
  • Colour change: orange–brown → blue-black
 

[q] Test for Vitamin C

[a]

  • Gently add a drop of DCPIP solution to food sample (as a solution) using a syringe and shake.
  • Repeat until food solutions turns colourless.
  • Colour change: Blue → Colourless
  • Few drops/Less volume→ strong vitamin C solution
  • Many drops/More volume → weak vitamin C solution
 

[q] Test for reducing sugar

[a]

  • Add 2cmBenedict’s solution into sample solution in test tube
  • Boil in water bath for 5 minutes
  • Colour change: 
  • Blue → Green → Yellow → Orange    → Brick-Red
  • None → Trace   → Low    → Moderate → High
 

[q] Test for Lipids

[a]

  • Food sample is mixed with 2cm3 of ethanol and shaken
  • The ethanol is added to an equal volume of cold water
  • A positive test will show a Milky-white cloudy emulsion forming
 

[q] What chemical elements do these molecules contain?

[a]

Carbohydrates → Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
Proteins → All contain Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen (but may contain sulphur)
Lipids → Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
 

[q] When conducting a food test

[a] all solids must be crushed and mix with pure water (solution)

 

[q] Iodine solution to test for starch

[a] Starch

 

[q] Benedict’s solution to test for

[a] reducing sugars

 

[q] Biuret test for

[a] proteins

 

[q] Ethanol emulsion test for

[a] fats and oils

 

[q] DCPIP test for

[a] Vitamin C

 

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