Characteristics and classification Flashcards iGCSE Biology

[q] What are the Features of Mammals?

[a] The Features of Mammals are:

[q] Amoeba, Paramecium and Plasmodium are examples of?

[a] Protoctists

[q] Bacterias are example of?

[a] Prokaryotes

[q] What is Binomial system?

[a] An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species is called Binomial system.

[q] What is a Classification?

[a] Placing organisms into categories by the features they share is called Classification.

[q] What is Excretion?

[a] Removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), toxins, and substances in excess of requirements is called Excretion.

• Removal from the body / organism / cell;
• (of) poisons / toxins / harmful substances;
• Named example (or) waste products of,
• Metabolism / respiration / deamination / chemical reactions in cells;
• Substances in excess (of requirements) / AW;

[q] What are the Features of Monoctyledons?

[a]

• Leaf shape: Narrow
• Leaf connection to stem: No petiole
• Number of flower parts: Multiples of 3
• Number of cotyledons / seed leaves: One
• Type of root: Fibrous
• Pattern of vascular bundles: Scattered vascular bundles
• Presence of cambium: No cambium/woody tissue

[q] What is a Growth?

[a] A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both is called Growth.

[q] How can DNA barcoding (Cladistics) be useful in the conservation of animals?

[a]

• Idea that animals are identified accurately;
• Barcoding is, cheap / easy / quick / efficient;
• Barcoding is useful if distinguishing characteristics / dichotomous key are difficult;
• Identify previously unknown species;
• Helps to identify, threatened / endangered species;

[q] What is a Movement?

[a] An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place is called Movement.

[q] What is MRS GREN?

[a] Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition.

[q] What is Nutrition?

[a] Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water is called Nutrition.

[q] What are the Features of Prokaryotes/Bacteria?

[a] The Features of Prokaryotes/Bacteria are:

[q] Ramunuculus bulbosus. What is the spe

cies?

[a] Bulbosus.

[q] What is Reproduction?

[a] The processes that make more of the same kind of organism is called Reproduction.

[q] What is Respiration?

[a] The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism is called Respiration.

• (chemical) reactions that breakdown, (named) nutrient(s);
• to, release / transfer, energy;
• inside cells;

[q] What is Sensitivity?

[a] The ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses is called Sensitivity.

• (The ability to) detect / sense, changes in the environment / stimuli; 
• To respond / react (to those changes);

[q] What is Species?

[a] A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring is called Species.

[q] State 2 features of animal cells NOT found in bacteria.

[a]

• Nucleus; 
• Mitochondria; 
• (Rough) Endoplasmic Reticulum;

[q] What is the features common in the cells of all living organisms?

[a] Cell membranes, cytoplasm, DNA as genetic material, ribosomes for protein synthesis, and enzymes involved in respiration.

[q] What are the Five Kingdoms?

[a] Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctist, and Prokaryotes.

[q] What are the main features of Animals?

[a] Multicellular, Heterotrophs and cells containing no cell wall or chloroplast.

[q] What are the main features of Arachnids?

[a]

• Four pairs of legs, 
• Cephalothorax and abdomen, 
• Spinneret, 
• No antennae.

[q] What are the main features of Birds? 

[a] Feathers, beaks, wings and hard eggs.

[q] What are the main features of Fish? 

[a]

• Wet scales, 
• Gills, 
• Lays eggs without shells in water, 
• Fins.

[q] What are the main features of Fungi?

[a] Multicellular, Heterotrophic (by Saprophytic or Parastitic nutrition) and cells have cell wall not made of cellulose.

[q] What are the main features of Plants?

[a] Multicellular, Autotrophs, and Cells contain chloroplast and cellulose cell walls.

[q] What are the main features of Protoctist?

[a] Unicellular and cells have nucleus.

[q] What are the main features of Ferns?

[a] No flowers, Reproduce by Spores, have Leaves called Frond.

[q] What are the main features of Virus?

[a]

• Protein coat,
• Cental core of RNA or DNA, 
• No nucleus or cell wall.

[q] What are the main features of Crustaceans?

[a]

• Hardened, Serrated edge claws, 
• Compound eyes, 
• Carapace, 
• Gills, 
• Two pairs of antennae.

[q] What are the main groups of arthropods?

[a] Myriapods, Insects, Arachnids, and Crustaceans.

[q] What are the main groups within the Plant kingdom?

[a] Ferns, and Flowering Plants.

[q] Turdus merula. What is the Genus?

[a] Turdus.

[q] What are some differences between protoctists and prokaryotes? 

[a]

• Nucleus / nuclear membrane / nuclear envelope;
• (Named) Organelle(s) / internal membranes;
• No cell wall;
• Linear chromosomes;

[q] What are the main groups of vertebrates?

[a] Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

[q] Why is percentage used as comparison frequently in experiment?

[a]

• Idea that percentage standardises changes in concentration for comparison;

[q] Why should we measure dry mass instead of normal mass?

[a]

• Fresh mass changes with water content;
• Dry mass is less variable / more consistent, for comparison;
• Dry mass is a measure of growth;

[q] What are the Features of Amphibians?

[a]

1. Smooth skin;
2. Gas exchange using skin;
3. Spend part of life (cycle) in water and land;
4. Metamorphic life cycle;

[q] What are the Features of Arthropods?

[a]

• Segmented body, 
• Jointed legs
• Exoskeleton

[q] What are the Features of Insects?

[a]

• Three body segments, 
• Three pairs of legs, 
• Two pairs of wings, 
• One pair of antennae,  
• Compound eyes

[q] What are the Features of Myriapods?

[a]

• Antennae (1 pair), 
• Many segments,
• Pair of legs on each segment
• Many jointed legs
• Elongated bodies

[q] What are the Features of Reptiles?

[a]

• Dry skin
• Scales
• Lays egg with dry, leathery shells on land

[q] What are the Features of Vertebrates?

[a]

1. Backbone
2. Skull