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Organization of the organism Flashcards iGCSE Biology

Organization of the organism Flashcards iGCSE Biology

iGCSE Biology Flashcards – All Topics

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[h] Organization of the organism Flashcards iGCSE Biology

 

[q] What are the Functions of Cell membrane?

 

[a]

  • Forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings; 
  • Keeps contents of cell inside; 
  • Allows movement of substances in and out of the cell;
 

[q] What are the Functions of Nucleus?

[a]

  • Store of, DNA / chromosomes / genetic information / genetic material / genes;
  • Controls / regulates, (reactions / protein synthesis in) the cell;
 

[q] What is an Organ?

[a] A structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions is called an Organ.

 

[q] What is an Organ system?

[a] A group of organs with related functions, working together to performbodyfunctions is called Organ system.

 

[q] What are Sperm cells?

 

[a]

  • Flagellum:
    • For swimming/movement though the fluids. 
  • Acrosome:
    • Which is a vesicle that contains enzymes digestion of follicle cells to reach ovum
  • Mid-piece containing mitochondria
    • It has a lot of mitochondria to be able to produce energy for the movement.
  • Small / streamlined shape,
    • For (efficient) swimming;
  • Haploid nucleus,
    • To fuse with egg (nucleus);
  • Nucleus,
    • To transfer genetic information to zygote;
 

[q] What is the differences between Plant cells and Animal cells? 

[a]

Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplast while Animals have none.
– Vacuole in Plants are large, singular and permanent, but Animals are small, many and temporary.
– Plants store carbohydrates as starch, whereas Animals store it as glycogen.
– Plant cell shape is regular, but Animal cell shape is irregular.
 

[q] What are the Structures found in Plant cells?

[a] Nucleus, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell membrane, Ribosomes on Endoplasmic Reticulum and Vesicles.

 

[q] What is a Tissue?

[a] A group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function is called a Tissue.

 

[q] What are some differences between Virus and Bacteria structure?

[a]

  • Cell wall;
  • Cell membrane;
  • Cytoplasm;
  • Loop of DNA;
  • (Slime) Capsule;
  • Flagellum / Flagella;
  • Plasmids;
  • Ribosome(s);
  • AVP; Pili.
 

[q] What are the Functions of Nucleus?

[a]

  • Controls activities in the cell / AW;
  • Contains chromosomes / genes / alleles / genetic information / DNA;
  • Controls cell division;
 

[q] What are the Ribosomes?

[a] The site of protein production in protein synthesis are the Ribosomes.

 

[q] What are the Adaptations of Root hair cells?

[a]

    • Many mitochondria for active transport
      • Presence of carrier molecules/protein pumps;
    • Thin cell wall
    • Elongated shape for increase surface area for osmosis
    • No cytoplasm for water diffuses freely,
    • Roots grow continually to find new sources of ions ;
      • Formation of extensive root network / branching roots ;
  • Root hair (cells) ;
  • Through carrier molecules / AW ;
  • Large / increased, (surface) area (for absorption) ;
  • Roots grow continually (to find new sources of ions) ;
  • AVP ; e.g. Extensive root network / branching roots ;
 

[q] What are the Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

[a] Synthesize, transport and store proteins made by ribosomes.

 

[q] What are the Functions of Vesicles?

[a] Transport substances from one part of the cell to the other.

 

[q] What are Xylem Vessel Adaptations?

[a]

  • Thick / lignified cell walls;
    • For support;
  • Lignin;
    • Cell walls are waterproof;
  • Long / hollow / no cytoplasm / no organelles / no end walls;
    • Water passes through easily;
  • Pits;
    • For lateral movement;
 

[q] What are the Red blood cells Adaptations?

[a]

  • Function: Transport oxygen
  • Biconcave shape 
    • Higher surface area; 
  • No nucleus 
    • More space for haemoglobin;
       
      • To enable greater oxygen carrying capacity;
    • More flexible shape (to move through capillaries);
 

[q] What is the Cytoplasm?

[a] Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions that take place in organelles, and contains water and dissolved substances.

 
 

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