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[h] Year 6 Maths Fractions Study Flashcards
[q] Simple Fractions
A fraction is a part of a whole. The number at the bottom tells you how many parts are in the whole. This is called the denominator. The number at the top tells you how many parts of the whole you have. This is called the numerator.
[a] Example: 5/8 means that something is divided into eight parts and
you have five of these eight parts.
[q] Finding Fractions of Amounts
To find a fraction of an amount, divide the amount by the denominator and multiply by the numerator.
[a]
[q] Simplifying Fractions
You can simplify fractions to make them easier to work with and to find equivalent fractions.
[a] You simplify by dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number.
[q] Comparing and Ordering Fractions
It is easy to order fractions with the same denominator. The fraction with the lowest numerator will be the smallest.
[a]
You may be asked to order fractions that have different denominators. To do this you need to find the lowest common denominator for all the fractions.
Example
Put these three fractions in order:
3/4 5/8 1/2
Before you can put these three fractions in order, you need to find the lowest common denominator for 8, 4 and 2.
8 is the lowest common denominator.
Now you can order them:
[q] Adding and Subtracting Fractions
Adding and subtracting fractions with the same denominator is easy. Simply add or subtract all the numerators.
[a] Example 1
Example 2
[q] Adding Fractions with Different Denominators
If the denominators are different, you need to find the lowest common denominator for both fractions.
[a] Example
The lowest common denominator of 5 and 3 is 15. You need to convert both fractions to have a denominator of 15.
[q] Multiplying Fractions
To multiply fractions you multiply both numerators and then multiply both denominators. You can then simplify your answer by dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number.
[a]
[q] Dividing Fractions
You can divide fractions by whole numbers.
[a] Example: Work out 1/3 ÷ 2
You know that a shape divided into thirds has three parts. If you halve the thirds, you would have six parts. So, 1/3 ÷ 2 = 1/6
[q] Decimal Number Line
You can divide a 0 – 1 number line into 10 equal parts to create a decimal number line. Each part is 1/10 (one-tenth) or 0.1. You can divide each 1/10 into 10 equal parts. Each part is 1/100 (one-hundredth) or 0.01.
[a]
[q] Calculating Decimals
To convert a fraction to a decimal, you divide the numerator by the denominator.
[a]
[q] Ordering Decimals
You can order decimals in the same way as for whole numbers.
[a]
[q] Rounding Decimals
The rules for rounding decimals are the same as those for
rounding whole numbers.
[a] Example: To round 3.485 to the nearest whole number, look at the tenths digit. It’s a 4 so round down to 3. To round 3.485 to one decimal place, look at the hundredths digit. It’s an 8 so round up to 3.5.
To round 3.485 to two decimal places, look at the thousandths digit.
It’s a 5 so round up to 3.49.
[q] Improper Fractions
Sometimes when you add fractions you get a ‘top heavy’ fraction where the numerator is greater than the denominator.
[a] This is an improper fraction and its value is greater than 1.
[q] Mixed Numbers
[a]
[q] Converting Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers
You can convert mixed numbers to improper fractions.
[a]
[q] Percentages
Percent means ‘number of parts per hundred’. For example, 32% means 32 parts of 100 or 32/100.
[a] Converting fractions to percentages allows you to compare them. You need to know the decimals and percentages for these fractions:
To find a percentage from a fraction:
• divide the numerator by the denominator
• then multiply the answer by 100.
[q] Finding Percentages of Amounts
Problems, especially those including money, often ask you to find percentages of amounts.
[a]
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