Question
In the following in each set a conservation approach and an example of method of conservation are given
(1) In situ conservation–Biosphere reserve
(2) Ex situ conservation–Sacred groves
(3) In situ conservation-Seed bank
(4) Exsitu conservationCryopreservation
Select the option with correct match of approach and method. [NEET (Oct.) 2020]
(a) (1) and (3)
(b) (1) and (4)
(c) (2) and (4)
(d) (1) and (2)
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Option (b) is correct. It can be explained as in situ conservation is on site conservation technique, i.e. the species are protected in their natural habitats only. In this approach the important components of biological diversity are protected and managed through protected areas, biosphere reserves and sacred forests or lakes.
On the other hand, ex situ conservation involves the conservation of selected rare flora or fauna in places outside their natural habitat.
It includes off site collection and gene banks. In gene banks, germplasm, tissue or embryos are stored in preserved conditions using the technologies like orchards, tissue culture and cryopreservation.
Question
Which one of the following is not a method of in situ conservation of biodiversity? [NEET (National) 2019]
(a) Wildlife sanctuary
(b) Botanical garden
(c) Sacred grove
(d) Biosphere reserve
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Botonical garden is not a method of in situ conservation of biodiversity. It is a type of ex situ or off site conservation in which rare plants are conserved in places outside their natural habitat. Rest all are methods of in situ conservation of biodiversity.
Question
The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called [NEET (National) 2019]
(a) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits
(b) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species
(c) for immediate steps to discontinue the use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer
(d) to reduce $\mathrm{CO}_2$ emissions and global warming
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In this summit, more than 130 nations signed a convention on Biodiversity and Climate Change. Canada was the key player in the development of this convention
Question
All of the following are included in ex-situ conservation except [NEET 2018]
(a) botanical gardens
(b) sacred groves
(c) wildlife safari parks
(d) seed banks
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Sacred groves is a mode of in situ conservation in which forest fragments of varying size are protected by religious communities. It helps to protect the biota of that area on site.
On the other hand, botanical gardens, seed banks and wildlife safari parks are the examples of ex situ conservation in which the biota is protected outside its natural habitat.
Question
Which one of the following is related to Ex situ conservation of threatened animals and plants? [NEET 2017]
(a) Wildlife safari parks
(b) Biodiversity hotspots
(c) Amazon rainforest
(d) Himalayan region
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Wildlife safarl parks are used for the ex situ conservation of threatened animals and plants. They are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special settings (wildlife safari park, zool. Here they are protected and given special care.
Question
The region of biosphere reserve, which is legally protected and where no human activity is allowed is known as [NEET 2017]
(a) core zone
(b) buffer zone
(c) transition zone
(d) restoration zone
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Biosphere reserve consists of three zones, l.e core, buffer and transition zone. Core zone comprises an undisturbed and legally protected ecosystem, where no human activity is allowed. Buffer zone surrounds the core area and transitions zone is the outermost area of the biosphere reserve, where active cooperation between reserve management and the local people occur.
Question
Joint Forest Management Concept was introduced in India during [NEET 2016, Phase I]
(a) 1970s
(b) $1980 \mathrm{~s}$
(c) 1990s
(d) 1960s
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Joint Forest Management Concept was introduced in India during 1980 s by the Government of India to work closely with the local communities for protection and management of forests.
Question
Which of the following national parks is home to the famous musk deer or hangul? [NEET 2016, Phase II]
(a) Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur
(b) Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh
(c) Eaglenest Wildlife Sancturay, Arunachal Pradesh
(d) Dachigam National Park, Jammu and Kashmir
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Dachigam National Park, situated at Jammu and Kashmir is famous for conservation of musk deer. At Keibul Lamjao National Park,
Manipur, brown deer (Sangai) is protected. At Bandhavgarh National Park, MP, tiger is protected. Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, protects elephants and red panda.
Question
How many hotspots of biodiversity in the world have been identified till date by Norman Myers? [NEET 2016, Phase II]
(a) 17
(b) 25
(c) 34
(d) 43
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
The total number af biodiversity hatspots in the world are 34 till date. These are the areas of high endemism and high level of species richness.
Question
The species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
(a)keystone
(b) alien
(c) endemic
(d) rare
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
The species contined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as endemic. Their conservatian requires peculiar specific effarts due to their untavailability in other parts of warld.
Question
Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold Northern regions move to
[CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) Westem Ghat
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Corbett National Park
(d) Keolado National Park
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Every year in the season of winter the famaus Indian National Park, Keolada National Park situated in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, host thousands of migratory birds which come from Siberia (Atlantic Deeanj Central America and other extremely cald Northem region.
Detober-February is the best time to observe these migratory birds. Mast of them stay till march including the Siberian crane.
Question
An example of ex situ conservation is [CBSE AIPMT 2014, 2010]
(a) National Park
(b) Seed Bank
(c) Wildlife Sanctuary
(d) Sacred Grove
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Ex situ ar off-site conservation is the process of protecting endangered species of plants and animals cutside their natural habitat. This invalves the canservation of genetic resources like seeds in seed banks.
Question
Which one of the following is not used for ex situ plant conservation? [NEET 2013]
(a) Field gene banks
(b) Seed banks
(c) Shifting cultivation
(d) Botanical gardens
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Shitting cultivation results into deforestation. Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference. Seed banks store seeds as a source of germplasm, in case seed reserves elsewhere are destroyed. Field gene banks are a type of biorepository which preserve the genetic material.
Question
Which one of the following areas in India, is a hot spot of biodiversity? [CBse AIPMT 2012]
(a) Eastern Ghats
(b)Gangetic plain
(c)Sunderbans
(d) Western Ghats
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Hotspots are areas that are extremely rich in species diversity, in its natural habitat, have high endemism and are under constant threat. In India, two hotspats are found extending inta neighbouring countries. The Western Ghats/Sri Lanka and the Indo-Burman regian (covering the Eastem Himalayas which is also known as cradle of speciatian).
Question
Select the correct statement about biodiversity. [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a)The desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as numerous rare animals
(b) Large scale planting of $B$ t cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity
(c) Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism
(d) Conservation of biodiversity is just. a fad pursued by the developed countries
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Westem Ghats accur alang the western cosst at India in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. There is high degree of endemism as well as richness of species of flowering plants, amphibians, reptiles, some mammals and butterflies.
Question
A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
(a) germplasm
(b)gene library
(c) gename
(d) herbarium
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
A germplasm is a collectian of genetic resaurces for an arganisms. For plants, the germplasm may be stared as a seed callection. It includes diverse alleles of all the genes of organism occurring in nature.
Question
Tiger is not a resident, in which one of the following national parks? [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
(a) Ranthambhor
(b) Sunderbans
(c) Gir
(d) Jim Carbett
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Gir National Park (Gujarat) is not. cancerned with tiger. The animals found in Gir Natianal Park are Asiatic lion, panther, striped hyaens, sambar, niligai, cheetal, faur-horned antelope and chinkara.
Ranthambhor National Park Sunderbans and Jim Corbett National Park [Uttarakhand] are tiger reserves.
Question
Which one of the following is not abserved in biodiversity hot spots? [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(a) Endemism
(b) Accelerated species loss
(c) Lesser interspecific competition
(d) Species richness
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Hotspots are the areas that are extremely rich in species diversity, have high endemism and are under constant threat. The key criteria for determining a hatspot are number of endemic species and degree of threat which is megsured in terms of habitat loss 34. hot spats had been identified glabally with an approximate area of $1.4 \%$. Among these hat spots 2 are found in Incia, i.e. Western Ghat and Eastern Himalayas. These areas are particularly rich in floral wealth and endemism not only in flowering plants but also in reptiles, amphibians, swallo tailed butterflies and same mammals.
Question
World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) was held in [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(a) Brazil
(b) Sweden
(c) Argentina
(d) South Africa
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
In 1992, world leaders convened an Earth Summit in Rio de Janeira, Brazil, in search of international agreements that could help to save the world from pallution, paverty and the waste of resources. Another Earth Summit was canvened fram $26^{\mathrm{h}}$ August-4 September 2002 in Jahannesbury. South Africa.
Question
One of endangered species of Indian medicinal plants is that of [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(a) Podophyllum
(b) Ocimum
(c) garlic
(d) Nepenthes
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Podoplyylum is an Indian endangered plant of family-Berberidacese. Its dried roots and rhizomes are used in chronic constipation and tumurous growth.
Question
Identify the add combination of the habitat and the particular animal concerned. [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(a) Dachigam National Park. – Snowleopard
(b) Sunderbens -Bengal tiger
(c) Perlyar – Elephant
(d) Rann of Kutch – Wild ass
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Dachigam Natianal Park is situated near Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir. It is known for canservation of the most endangered Hangul ar Kashmir stag in paramaunt.
Question
Which one of the following is not included under in situ conservation? [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
(a)Sanctuary
(b) Botanical gardens
(c) Biosphere reserve
(d) National park
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Botanical gardensli.e. man-made aress that maintain living plant. collectians representing a large number of species, genera and families) are the means of exsitu canservation li.e. conservation outside the natural habitats).
In situ conservatian involves the conservation of genetic resaurces through their maintenance within natural ecosystems in which they accur.
It includes Nationsl Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Reserves, Natural Monuments, Cultural Landscapes, etc.
Question
Which of the following is considered a hotspot of biodiversity in India? [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
(a) Western ghats
(b) indo-Gangetic plain
(c) Eastern ghats
(d) Aravalli hills
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Hotspots are the areas with high density of diversity or megadiversity which are also the most threatened ance. Taday, the number of hot spots identified by ecologists are 34 , af which two hat spots are present in India, i.e. Westem Ghats and North-East. Himalayas.
Westem Ghats accur alang the Western Coast of India for a distance of about $1600 \mathrm{~km}$ in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerals extending over ta Sri Lanka.
Question
One of the most important function of botanical garden is that [CBSE AIPMT 200s]
(a) one can observe tropical plants there
(b) they allow ex situ conservation of germplasm
(c) they provide the natural habitat for wild Life
(d) they provide a beautiful area for recreation
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
A botanical garden is a garden dedicated to the collectian, cultivation and display of a wide range of plants with their botanical names. Ex situ canservatian means conservatian of plants of animals in the artificial habitats which are quite similar to the narmal habitats of these organisms. In this way botanical gardens provide ex situ canservation of germplasm.
Question
In your opinion which is the most effective way to conserve the plant diversity of an area? [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) By tissue culture method
(b) By creating biosphere reserve
(c) By creating botanical gardens
(d) By developing seed banks
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Biosphere reserve is an in situ canservatian method. Hence, it is the most effective way amang the four above for preserving genetic diversity by protecting wild papulation, traditional life style and domesticated plant genetic resource.
Question
Species restricted to a given area are called [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
(a) sibling
(b) endemic
(c) sympatric
(d) allopatric
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Species restricted to small areas are caled endemic- approximately $29 \%$ of dicots in the Himalayas are endemic.
Question
MAB stands for [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
(a) Man And Biology programme
(b) Man And Biosphere programme
(c) Mammals And Biosphere
(d) Mammals And Biology programme
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Man And Biosphere(MAE) programme was formally launched by UNESCD in 197. It is an interdisciplinary programme of research and training with emphasis an ecological approach to the study of inter-relationship between man and his ertviranment.
Question
A number of natural reserves have been created to conserve specific wildlife species. Identify the correct combination from the following [CBse AIPMT 1996]
(a) Gir forest – Tiger
(b) Kaziranga – Elephants
(c) Rann of Kutch – Wild ass
(d) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary – Musk deer
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Rann of Kutch is situated in Gujarat and provides protection mainly to wild ass, whereas musk deers are mainly protected in Kedamath sanctuary. Gir is famous for Asiatic lians. Kaziranga is famous for ane-horned rhinoceros.
Question
Which of the following is the correct matching pair of a sanctuary and its main protected wild animal? [CBsE A1PMT 1995]
(a)Gir – Lion
(b) Sariska – Tiger
(c)Sunderban – Phino
(d) Kaziranga – Musk deer
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Sariska is a wildlife sanctuary and is situated in Alwar, Rajasthan. Tiger is main protected animal in Sariska as it was selected as a Tiger Reserve in Project Tiger (1973). Gir is a National Park, associated with lions.
Question
National Park associated with rhinoceros is [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a)Kaziranga
(b) Ranthambore
(c) Corbett
(d) Valley of flowers
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Kaziranga National Park is associated with rhinoceros. It is situsted in Golaghat and Nagson districts of Assam. This National Park is famous for one- horned mincceros at India.
Question
Ranthambore National Park is situated in [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Gujarat
(d) UP
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Ranthambore National Park is situated in Rajasthan. This is ane of the tiger reserves established in 1973. Under the project Tiger initiative taken by Indian Government.