Question
Erythropoietin hormone which stimulates RBC formation is produced by [NEET 2021]
(a) alpha cells of pancreas
(b) the cells of rostral adenohypophysis
(c) the cells of bone marrow
(d) juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
The juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce peptide hormone called erythropoietin which stimulates (erythropoiesis). It stimulates the stem cells of the bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.
Question
Match the following hormones with the respective disease. [NEET (National) 2019]
Select the correct option.
A B C D
(a) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(b) (v) (iv) (i) (iii)
(c) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(d) (v) (i) (ii) (iii)
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
(A)-(v), (B)-(iv), (C)-(i), (D)-(iii)
The deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus which is characterised by high blood sugar levels. Excess production of thyroid hormone, thyroxine causes goitre, deficiency of corticoids causes Addison’s disease or adrenal insufficiency. Hypersecretion of growth hormones causes acromegaly in adults. It is characterised by enlarged hands and feet of affected person.
Question
Graves’ disease is caused due to [NEET 2016, Phase II]
(a) hyposecretion of thyroid gland
(b) hypersecretion of thyroid gland
(c) hyposecretion of adrenal gland
(d) hypersecretion of adrenal gland
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism is caused due to the secretion of excessive amount of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland, i.e. hyperthyroidism.
Question
A pregnant female delivers a baby, who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of [NEET 2013]
(a) deficiency of iodine in diet
(b) low secretion of growth hormone
(c) cancer of the thyroid gland
(d) over secretion of pars distalis
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of the growing foetus leading to stunted growth. Low secretion of GH results in stunted growth resulting in pituitary dwarfism. Pars distalis or anterior pituitary produces growth hormone. Prolactin (PRL), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), Lutenising Hormone(LH)and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Question
Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxin synthesis lead to the development of [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(a) toxic goitre
(b) cretinism
(c) simple goitre
(d) thyrotoxicosis
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Toxic agents in food which interfere with thyroxin synthesis will lead to simple goitre. Thyrotoxicosis and toxic goitre are under the category of hyperthyroidism.
Question
A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxin in adults and characterised by [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
I. a low metabolic rate
II. increase in body weight
III. tendency to retain water in tissues is
(a) hypothyroidism
(b) simple goitre
(c) myxoedema
(d) cretinism
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Myxoedema (Gulls disease) occurs due to the deficiency of thyroxine in adults, it causes low BMR (by 30-40\%), low body temperature, tendency to retain water in tissues, reduced heart rate, pulse rate, blood pressure and cardiac output, low sugar and iodine level in blood, muscular weakness and oedema(accumulation of interstitial fluid that causes the facial tissues to swell and look fluffyl.
Decrease secretion of thyroxine hormone from thyroid gland causes hypothyroidism. Simple goitre is caused by lower intake of iodine through diet.
Cretinism occurs due to hyposecretion of thyroxine during the growth years or birth.
Question
Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency? [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) Luteinising hormone – Failure of ovulation
(b) Insulin-Diabetes insipidus
(c) Thyroxine – Tetany
(d) Parathyroid hormone – Diabetes mellitus
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Ovulation occurs under the influence of LH and FSH of anterior pituitary gland.
Question
Acromegaly is caused by [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(a) excess of STH
(b) excess of thyroxin
(c) deficiency of thyroxin
(d) excess of adrenaline
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Hypersecretion of growth hormone (somatotropic hormone) during adulthood causes acromegaly. It is characterised by bossing of frontal bone, prominent cheek, coarse hair, hirsutism, enlarged hands and feet.
Question
Diabetes is due to [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(a) iodine deficiency
(b) hormonal deficiency
(c) $\mathrm{Na}^*$ deficiency
(d) enzyme deficiency
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to the deficiency of hormone insulin which is secreted by islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It is a peptide hormone.
Question
Which of the following radioactive isotope is used in the detection of thyroid cancer? [CBSE AIPMT 1995, 2002]
(a) Iodine-131
(b) Carbon-14
(c) Uranium-238
(d) Phosphorus-32
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Radioactive iodine, i.e. Iodine-131 is administered to patients suffering from thyroid cancer for its detection.