Question
In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive? [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
(a) GIFT and ZIFT
(b) ICSI and ZIFT
(c) GIFT and ICSI
(d) ZIFT and IUT
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Option (d) is the correct answer because the techniques by which the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive are ZIFT and IUT, i.e. Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer and intra Uterine Transfer respectively, both are Embryo Transfer (ET) methods. Option (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect because in GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer). gamete is transferred into the Fallopian tube of female who cannot produce ova. ICSI is Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection in which sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Question
In case of a couple, where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation? [NEET 2017]
(a) Intrauterine Transfer
(b) Gamete Intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer
(c) Artificial Insemination
(d) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) is a general term referred to the method used to achieve pregnancy by artificial means or partial artificial means and is primarily used in infertility treatment. Artificial insemination is a type of ARTs.
Question
Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into [NEET 2016, Phase II]
(a) uterus
(b) Fallopian tube
(c) fimbriae
(d) cervix
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into the uterus to complete its further development. Concept Enhancer Intra Uterine Transfer or IUT is an assisted reproductive technology to solve the infertility problems. In this process, the implantation of embryo takes place in the uterus where it develops into a foetus which forms a child. On completion of gestation, the mother will give birth to a normal child.
Question
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
(a) Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer
(b) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
(c) Gamete Internal Fertilisation and Transfer
(d) Germ Cell Internal Fallopian Transfer
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
The full form of GIFT is “Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer”. This method is used in females who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of embryo in the oviducts. In such cases, ovum from the donar female is surgically removed and is then introduced into the Fallopian tube of such females. Such women then accept sperms from her husband during copulation.
Question
Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) ovum into the Fallopian tube
(b) zygote into the Fallopian tube
(c) zygote into the uterus
(d) embryo with 16 balastomeres into the Fallopian tube
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
In vitro fertilisation is a process in which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the woman’s womb and the zygote up to 8 celled stage is implanted into the Fallopian tube. IVF is a major treatment for infertility. The process involves hormonally controlled ovulatory process, removing ova from the woman’s ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in fluid medium.
The Zygote or the embryo up to 8-celled stage is then transferred into the patient’s Fallopian tube with the intent to be successful. When the zygote is more than 8 blastomere stage it is placed directly into the uterus to establish pregnancy.
Question
Artificial insemination means [NEET 2013]
(a) transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test-tube containing ova
(b) transfer of sperms of husband to a test-tube containing ova
(c) artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina
(d) introduction of sperms of healthy donor directly into the ovary
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Artificial Insemination (Al) means artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy male donor into the vagina of female. Infertility due to the inability of the male to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculates can be corrected by artificial insemination.
Question
The test-tube baby programme employs which one of the following techniques? [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a) Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI)
(b) Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI)
(c) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
(d) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
The test-tube baby programme employs the technique of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) technique. ZIFT is a method used to treat infertility in which an egg fertilised in vitro(outside the body) is placed into a women’s Fallopian tube (oviduct).
It is an assisted reproductive procedure similar to IVF and embryo transfer, the difference being that zygote proembryo is transferred into the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus. Because the fertilised egg (zygote) is directly transferred into the tubes the procedure is also referred to as tubal embryo transfer.
Question
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy? [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
(a) Eight weeks
(b) Twelve weeks
(c) Eighteen weeks
(d) Six weeks
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e. upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimester abortions are much more riskier.
Question
In vitro fertilisation is a technique that involves transfer of which one of the following into the Fallopian tube? [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(a) Embryo only, up to 8 cell stage
(b) Either zygote or early embryo up to 8 cell stage
(c) Embryo of 32 cell stage
(d) Zygote only
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) or test-tube baby technique involves fertilising one or more eggs outside the body and then transferring the fertilised eggs known as pre-embryos back into the uterus.
Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is an example of IVF. In this, the zygote or early embryos up to 8 blastomeres are transferred into the Fallopian tube. If the embryo has more than 8 blastomeres then it is transferred into uterus this is known as IUT.
Question
Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution
(b) high fertility, high density rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young age distribution
(c) high infant mortality, low fertility uneven population growth and a very young age distribution
(d) high mortality high density uneven population growth and a very old age distribution
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
The characteristic demographic features of developing countries is high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution.In India it is all due to the reproductive and child health care programmes operating throughout the country
Question
Test-tube baby means a baby born when [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
(a) the ovum is fertilised externally and there after implanted in the uterus
(b) it develops from a non-fertilised egg
(c) it is developed in a test-tube
(d) it is developed through tissue culture method
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Patrick Stepote and Robert Edward first time developed test-tube baby technique in 1978. In certain cases, where normal fertilisation is not possible, ovum from the female and the sperm from the male are mated in vitro. The zygote, later on is implanted in the uterus where further development into baby take place.
Question
Test-tube baby is one who [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
(a) is born out of artificial insemination
(b) has undergone development in a test-tube
(c) is born out of the technique of fertilisation in vitro
(d) has been developed without fertilisation
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Test-tube baby technique is a recent solution to infertility. In this technique in vitro fertilisation is done in which after viewing through a pencil thin laproscope a ripe egg is removed from a woman ovary. The egg is kept in laboratory culture dish and mixed with sperm from future father.
The fertilised egg undergoes cleavage in the laboratory dish and when it reaches the 8 -celled stage, it is transferred into the mothers uterus for implantation. A normal baby can be born to such a mother.