Question
Chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuro muscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle is called as [NEET 2021]
(a) arthritis
(b) muscular dystrophy
(c) myasthenia gravis
(d) gout
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Myasthenia gravis is defined as an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that leads to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue. The cause of this disease is circulating antibodies that will block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junctions. Other options can be explained as : Muscular dystrophy is a disease characterised by progressive degeneration of muscle fibres without the involvement of nervous system. Gout is caused by two conditions that includes one which occur due to excessive formation of uric acid and another by the inability to excrete it. Uric acid deposits in the form of monosodium salts. Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more number of joints. It is caused by injury, abnormal metabolism, and genetic makeup.
Question
Match the following columns and select the correct option from the codes qiven below.
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 4 3 1 2
(d) 1 2 3 4
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
The option (b) is correct match which is as follows
Gout is inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals. Osteoporosis occurs due to decreased levels of oestrogen in females. It is an age-related disorder characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. Tetany is rapid spasms (wild contractions) in muscle when there is low $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions in the blood. Muscular dystrophy is progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to genetic disorder.
Question
Which of the following muscular disorders is inherited? [NEET (National) 2019]
(a) Muscular dystrophy
(b) Myasthenia gravis
(c) Botulism
(d) Tetany
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscular disorder in which the skeletal muscles degenerate progressively. It is caused due to the absence of dystrophin protein which helps to keep muscle cells intact. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes paralysis of skeletal muscles. Botulism is a type of food poisoning caused by bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Tetany is an involuntary muscle contraction caused due to the low level of calcium in body.
Question
Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to [NEET 2016, Phase II]
(a) immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
(b) high concentration of $\mathrm{Ca}^{++}$and $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$
(c) decreased level of oestrogen
(d) accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Osteoporosis is caused by decreased level of oestrogen. Destrogen deficiency causes both the early and late forms of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. Osteoporosis is thinning or weaking of bones which makes them fragile and more likely to break.Women have low oestrogen level when they are transitioning through menopause. Hence, option (c) is correct.
Question
Select the correct statement with respect to locomotion in humans. [NEET 2013]
(a) A decreased level of progesterone causes osteoporosis in old people
(b) Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints causes their inflammation
(c) The vertebral column has 10 thoracic vertebrae
(d) The joint between adjacent vertebrae is a fibrous joint
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Inflammation of joints due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals is gout. Fibrous joints are formed by the flat skull bones, which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures to form cranium. The vertebral column is formed by 26 serially arranged units called vertebrae. The less secretion of progesterone causes abortion as it basically supports pregnancy.
Question
Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system. [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a) Muscular dystrophy -Age related shortening of muscles
(b) Osteoporosis -Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
(c) Myasthenia gravis -Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
(d) Gout-Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Osteoporosis is age related disease in which bones loose minerals and fibres from the matrix causing decreased bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age.
Major causative factors of osteoporosis are imbalance of hormones like calcitonin of thyroid, parathormone of parathyroids, sex hormones and deficiencies of calcium and vitamins.
The disease may be classified as primary type 1, primary type 2 or secondary. The form of osteoporosis most common in women after menopause is referred to as primary type 1 or postmenopausal osteoperosis. Secondary osteoporosis may arise at any age and affect men and women equally.