Question
Identify the incorrect pair. [NEET 2021]
(a) Alkaloids – Codeine
(b) Toxin – Abrin
(c) Lectins – Concanavalin-A
(d) Drugs – Ricin
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Match pair in option (d) is incorrect and can be corrected as: Ricin and abrin are potent biological toxins that are derived from plant sources, e.g. cast or beans. These toxins inhibits protein synthesis in body leading to cell death.
Question
Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
(a) Papaver somniferum
(b) Atropo belladonna
(c) Erythroxylum coca
(d) Datura
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to South America. It interferes with the transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Question
Drug called ‘Heroin’ is synthesised by [NEET (National) 2019]
(a) acetylation of morphine
(b) glycosylation of morphine
(c) nitration of morphine
(d) methylation of morphine
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Drug ‘Heroin’ is synthesised by the acetylation of morphine. Chemically heroin is diacetymorphine and commonly it is called smack. It is an opium derivative which is used as medicine. Excessive use of it causes addiction.
Question
Which is the particular type of drug that is obtained from the plant whose one flowering branch is shown below? [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) Hallucinogen
(b) Depressant
(c) Stimulant
(d) Pain-killer
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
The plant shown in the picture isDatura which produce natural hallucinogens. This kind of drug induce behavioural abnormalities by changing thoughts, feelings perceptions without any actual sensory stimulus.
Question
Which one of the following fungi contains hallucinogens? [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) Morchella esculenta
(b)Amanita muscaria
(c) Neurospora sp.
(d) Ustilago sp.
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Amanite muscaria, is a fungus which is known for its hallucinogenic properties.
Question
Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a) opium
(b) alcohol
(c) tobacco (chewing)
(d) cocaine
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
The chronic intake of alcohol may be fatal for the individual. On intake, a part of alcohol is changed to acetaldehyde which causes hangover. Acetaldehyde stimulates formation of fat which is deposited on artery walls (causing coronary ailments) and in the liver (causing fatty liver syndrome). Gradually, the liver hardens and dries up as its cells are replaced by fibrous tissue.
This kind of liver degeneration is called liver cirrhosis (Laennec’s cirrhosis). Excessive use of alcohol may also lead liver failure, liver cell carcinoma, etc.
Question
Select the correct statement from the ones given below. [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(a) Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth
(b) Morphine is often given to persons who have under gone surgery as a pain killer
(c) Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate
(d) Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Serturner, a pharmacist isolated the active principle of opium in 1806 and named it morphine. Morphine is a phenanthrene opioid receptor, its main effect is binding to and activating the $\mu$-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In clinical settings, morphine exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesic and sedation at low doses.
Question
Which one of the following is the correct statement regarding the particular psychotropic drug specified? [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(a) Hashish causes alter thought perceptions and hallucinations
(b) Opium stimulates nervous system and causes hallucinations
(c) Morphine leads to delusions and disturbed emotions
(d) Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary euphoria
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Charas is the dried resinous extract from the flowering tops and leaves of Cannabis sativa. In some countries, it is called hashish. It is a hallucinogen, which alters a person’s thoughts, feelings and perceptions.
Question
A person showing unpredictable moods, outbursts of emotion, quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others is suffering from [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
(a) schizophrenia
(b) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
(c) mood disorders
(d) addictive disorders
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Schizophrenia is a group of severe mental disorders that have common symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, blunted emotions, disordered thinking. It can be caused by excessive dopamine production, alternation of neuropeptide and decreased frontal lobe activities. Recovery is possible with regular use of chloropromazine along with pychosocial therapy.
Question
Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feelings of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness? [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(a) Valium
(b) Morphine
(c) Hashish
(d) Amphetamines
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Valium depresses brain activity and produces feeling of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness. It indirectly affects central nervous system on long term usage.
Question
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) Streptomyces – Antibiotic
(b) Serratia -Drugaddiction
(c) Spirulina $\quad-$ Single cell protein
(d) Rhizobium – Biofertiliser
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Serratio is a harmful human pathogen which has been known to cause urinary tract infections, wound infections, pneumonia.
Question
Which of the following is an opiate narcotic? [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
(a) Barbiturates
(b) Morphine
(c) Amphetamines
(d) LSD
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Narcotics are a group of pain killers which includes heroin, morphine, codein and methadone. All of these drugs are derived from opium. Later is a gummy resin like substance found in unripe pods of poppy plants.
Question
Nicotine acts as a stimulant, because it nimics the effect of [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
(a) thyroxine
(b) acetylcholine
(c) testosterone
(d) dopamine
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Acetylcholine is rapidly acting excitatory small sized neurotransmitter. Nicotine and acetylcholine both have same receptors and so the both have the same effect
Question
The alkaloid ajmalicine is obtaine from [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
(a) Atropa
(b) Papaver
(c) Curcuma
(d) Sarpgandha
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Ajmalicine is obtained from Sarpgandha. Its botanical name is Rouwolfia serpentina family-Apocyanaceae.
Question
Opiate narcotic is [CBSE AIPMT 1993]
(a)bhang
(b) charas
(c) heroin
(d) nicotine
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Opium is derived from unripe seed pods of the poppy plant Papaver somniferum. Opium has an analgesic effect and may also reduce anxiety and tension, lowers the blood pressure and breathing rate. Opium and its derivatives including morphine, codeine and heroin are among the drugs collectively known as narcotic drugs.
Narcotics induce addiction if used repeatedly and heroin is most dangerous narcotic.
Question
Analgesic drugs [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
(a) form tissues
(b) relieve pain
(c) relieve fatigue
(d) cause pain
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Analgesic drugs are those drugs which relieve us from pain. It acts on the peripheral and central nervous system which reversibly eliminate sensation of pain.