Digital SAT MAth and English – full syllabus practice tests
The Reading and Writing section of the digital SAT
- Information and Ideas
- Craft and Structure
- Expression of Ideas
- Standard English Conventions
Question
His name was Mr. Fonseka and he was travelling to England to be a teacher. I would visit him every few days. He knew passages from all kinds of books he could recite by heart, and he sat at his desk all day wondering about them, thinking what he could say about them. I knew scarcely a thing about the world of literature, but he welcomed me with unusual and interesting stories, stopping abruptly in mid-tale
Over the course of the passage, the narrator’s focus shifts from
A) a description of the internal world of a character to an expression of sympathy for that character.
B) a recollection of interactions with a character to speculation about that character’s life.
C) the discussion of a character’s history to a recounting of an important turning point.
D) the narration of a childhood experience to that event’s impact on the narrator’s life.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) a recollection of interactions with a character to speculation about that character’s life.
Question
“I knew scarcely a thing about the world of literature, but he welcomed me with unusual and interesting stories, stopping abruptly in mid-tale and saying that someday I should find out what happened after that”
The narrator indicates that his acquaintance with Mr. Fonseka influenced him because Mr. Fonseka____________
A) inspired him to become a writer.
B) motivated him to pursue teaching.
C) taught him to memorize stories.
D) introduced him to literature
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) introduced him to literature
Question
“Often, during the night, while stalking the ship with Ramadhin and Cassius, I’d attempt to add to the bare bones of an adventure Mr. Fonseka had left unfinished”
The narrator’s use of “stalking” in paragraph has the main effect of
A) conveying a sense of fear shared by the narrator and his friends.
B) bringing a feeling of intrigue to an otherwise ordinary activity.
C) characterizing the friendship between the narrator and his friends.
D) portraying the narrator as overly dramatic.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) bringing a feeling of intrigue to an otherwise ordinary activity.
Question
“He was gracious, with his quietness. When he spoke, he was tentative and languid. Even then I understood his rareness by the pace of his gestures. He stood up only when it was essential, as if he were a sick cat. He was not used to public effort, even though he was now going to be a part of a public world as a teacher of literature and history in England”
The paragraph mainly serves to
A) illustrate how certain traits in a character can undermine a character’s goals.
B) provide essential details about a character’s past that foreshadow the character’s future.
C) reveal personal information about a character that explains the character’s internal conflict.
D) demonstrate how a character’s external mannerisms reflect that character’s inner being
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) demonstrate how a character’s external mannerisms reflect that character’s inner being
Question
I would visit that room if the day was dull, and he would at some point begin reading to me. It was the anonymity of the stories and the poems that went deepest into me.
The narrator indicates that he visited Mr. Fonseka’s cabin on the ship when the narrator
A) felt there was nothing else more interesting to do.
B) had concerns about Mr. Fonseka’s reclusive habits.
C) wanted to borrow some of Mr. Fonseka’s books.
D) had not remembered the ending to a story he enjoyed.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) felt there was nothing else more interesting to do.
Question
“He had lived in Colombo all his life, and his manner and accent were a product of the island, but at the same time he had this wide-ranging knowledge of books”
In the passage, the narrator finds it a significant contradiction in Mr. Fonseka’s character that he
A) recites works about the outdoors but rarely leaves his room.
B) enjoys sharing stories but does not finish telling them.
C) has read extensively about the world but has experienced very little of it.
D) has chosen to pursue a career as a teacher but has shown small interest in it
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) has read extensively about the world but has experienced very little of it.
Question
He must have believed it would be a humble but good life for an Asian living in England, where something like his Latin grammar could be a distinguishing sword”
In the passage, the narrator speculates that Mr. Fonseka likely believed that his knowledge of literary classics would
A) enable him to better understand English people.
B) earn him respect in his new country.
C) bring him great financial success.
D) be a gateway to many possible professions.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) earn him respect in his new country.
Question
“Were all those memorized paragraphs and stanzas of the European canon he brought back the equivalent of a bottle of river water?”
When the narrator refers to “the equivalent of a bottle of river water” in paragraph, he is suggesting that the literature Mr. Fonseka memorized will be a
A) memento of a place left behind.
B) necessary item for personal use.
C) charm bringing good luck.
D) reminder of past enjoyments.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) memento of a place left behind.
Question
“Our research on persuasion and marketing is the first to find that a moderately positive review can be more persuasive than an extremely positive review” and “We found that a moderately positive review is even more persuasive when the default review selection is extremely positive”
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?
A) Researchers present experimental results and then propose practical applications for them.
B) Researchers question an accepted claim and then reveal the reasons for their doubts.
C) Researchers describe surprising findings and then examine a variety of possible explanations for them.
D) Researchers offer an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon and then present studies supporting the explanation.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) Researchers offer an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon and then present studies supporting the explanation.
Question
“Our research on persuasion and marketing is the first to find that a moderately positive review can be more persuasive than an extremely positive review”
According to the passage, the researchers were primarily interested in investigating which question?
A) Are consumers likely to believe that extremely positive reviews are intentionally deceptive marketing tools?
B) Why are moderately positive reviews just as likely to deter purchases as they are to encourage them?
C) In what circumstances might positive reviews have effects similar to those of negative reviews?
D) Do consumers find qualitative reviews with no numerical ratings less accurate than those with numerical ratings?
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) In what circumstances might positive reviews have effects similar to those of negative reviews?
Question
“This is because reviews that deviate from a default review selection are perceived to be more thoughtful—and thus more accurate—than reviews that conform to the default”
As used in paragraph “conform to” most nearly means
A) adjust to.
B)correspond to.
C)reconcile with.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D)combine with
B)correspond to.
Question
“In a follow-up study we found that extreme reviews regain their persuasiveness if they are long”
The sentence in Paragraph mainly serves to
A) introduce testing conditions that determined the limits of the authors’ earlier findings.
B) concede the failure of a theory in its wider applications.
C) reinforce the research goal originally proposed by the authors.
D) suggest practical solutions to a common problem.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) introduce testing conditions that determined the limits of the authors’ earlier findings.
Question
“But when we gave them longer reviews with either four- or five-star ratings, the review’s deviatory status no longer impacted consumers’ desire to purchase the pen”
As used in paragraph “status” most nearly means
A) legitimacy.
B) nature.
C) immobility.
D) prestige.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) nature.
Question
“But when we gave them longer reviews with either four- or five-star ratings, the review’s deviatory status no longer impacted consumers’ desire to purchase the pen”
Based on the passage, what would the effect on the data reflected in figure 1 be if participants in the first study discussed in the passage had been given long reviews to read but no other changes were made to the study?
A) The ten-star review group’s percentage would increase significantly over the percentage of the eight-star review group.
B) The ten-star review group’s percentage would increase to a level similar to the percentage of the eight-star review group.
C) The eight-star review group’s percentage would decrease to a percentage significantly below the percentage of the ten-star review group.
D) Both the eight-star and the ten-star review groups’ percentages would remain unchanged.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) The ten-star review group’s percentage would increase to a level similar to the percentage of the eight-star review group.
Question
According to figure 2, the mean perception of the review’s accuracy was lower than the mean perception of the review’s thoughtfulness in which condition?
A) Ten-star reviews in the ten-star default category
B) Eight-star reviews in the ten-star default category
C) Ten-star reviews in the eight-star default category
D) Eight-star reviews in the eight-star default category
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) Ten-star reviews in the eight-star default category
Question
“Mean perception of the review’s accuracy and thoughtfulness is higher for eight-star reviews than for ten-star reviews, regardless of the default rating”
Which statement do the data in figure 2 best support?
A) Participants found rating systems with eight-star defaults to be highly accurate.
B) Participants did not find ten-star reviews to be thoughtful or accurate.
C) Participants trusted deviatory reviews only when the default rating was extremely high.
D) Participants trusted deviatory reviews more than non-deviatory reviews regardless of the default rating
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) Participants trusted deviatory reviews more than non-deviatory reviews regardless of the default rating
Question
To determine whether resource limitation was the cause of female reproductive suppression”
The main purpose of the passage is to
A) discuss the role of paternal care in reproductive suppression in P. xanthosomus gobies.
B) examine the link between reproductive suppression in P. xanthosomus gobies and in social mammals.
C) provide a cost-benefit analysis of reproductive suppression in P. xanthosomus gobies.
D) investigate factors that contribute to reproductive suppression in P. xanthosomus gobies.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) investigate factors that contribute to reproductive suppression in P. xanthosomus gobies.
Question
The passage first introduces the research on P . xanthosomus , then describes the study and its findings (lines 11-55), and concludes with the significance of these findings
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?
A) The basis of a study by Wong and her colleagues is introduced, the process of the study and its findings are summarized, and a conclusion explaining the significance of the findings is put forth.
B) The characteristics of a particular species are described, the findings of Wong and her colleagues about that species are provided, and a follow-up study of other species is recommended.
C) Previous research on a topic is summarized, current research on the same topic by Wong and her colleagues is discussed, and the implications of their cumulative research are explained.
D) A hypothesis by Wong and her colleagues regarding a certain species is offered, findings that challenge the hypothesis are discussed, and the merits of the findings are considered.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) The basis of a study by Wong and her colleagues is introduced, the process of the study and its findings are summarized, and a conclusion explaining the significance of the findings is put forth.
Question
“Within groups, only the largest male and female breed monogamously with each other, and all other group members are nonbreeding subordinate females that are reproductively suppressed”
The passage suggests that the factor that most directly influences the rank of an individual adult within a particular group of P. xanthosomus is the
A) ability of the individual to obtain resources.
B) rank of the parents of the individual.
C) relative size of the individual.
D) size of the clutch the individual is able to lay
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) relative size of the individual.
Question
“To determine whether resource limitation was the cause of female reproductive suppression”
A) discover.
B) dictate.
C) choose.
D) predict.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) discover.
Question
“As was predicted, the females that were fed laid significantly larger clutches than those that were unfed, which suggests that food was a limiting factor for female reproduction”
Based on the research as presented in the passage, which conclusion can most reasonably be made about the average clutch size of a breeding female P. xanthosomus?
A) The average clutch size of a breeding female may increase if the number of nonbreeding subordinate females in her group increases.
B) The average clutch size of a breeding female may increase if her breeding partner is replaced with a different male.
C) The average clutch size of a breeding female may decrease if the natural food supply becomes scarce for a sufficient period of time.
D) The average clutch size of a breeding female may decrease if the number of suitable nesting sites in her coral colony decreases.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) The average clutch size of a breeding female may decrease if the natural food supply becomes scarce for a sufficient period of time.
Question
Since . xanthosomus males provide sole care of eggs, the size of a clutch at hatching essentially reflects the ability of males to care for their eggs”
As used in line 44, “reflects” most nearly means
A) indicates.
B) speculates.
C) repeats.
D) reverses.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) indicates.
Question
“Since these experiments, the role of resource limitation has been reported in a social mammal, and those results suggested that resource limitation could serve as a widespread explanation for reproductive suppression and the mating systems of social species in general”
The last sentence of the passage serves mainly to
A )indicate further research questions about reproductive suppression in gobies left unanswered by the experiments described in the passage.
B) suggest that the conclusions drawn from the experiments described in the passage have been corroborated by another study and are likely to apply to many species.
C) provide a definition of mating system theory and show that the findings of the experiments described in the passage are consistent with that theory.
D) detail studies that the researchers who ran the experiments described in the passage plan to conduct to examine reproductive suppression in social mammals.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) suggest that the conclusions drawn from the experiments described in the passage have been corroborated by another study and are likely to apply to many species.
Question
According to the graph, the mean number of eggs laid by unfed females was closest to
A) 50.
B) 100.
C) 150.
D) 200.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) 200.
Question
Which statement about the mean number of eggs hatched by males of the species P. xanthosomus is best supported by the graph?
A) The mean number of eggs hatched by fed males is approximately 150.
B) The mean number of eggs hatched by unfed males is approximately 200.
C) The mean number of eggs hatched by fed males exceeds the mean number of eggs laid by unfed females.
D) The mean number of eggs hatched by fed males is roughly equivalent to the mean number of eggs laid by unfed females.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) The mean number of eggs hatched by fed males is approximately 150.
Question
“A man’s right to speak does not depend upon where he was born or upon his color. The simple quality of manhood is the solid basis of the right—and there let it rest forever”
A central claim of the passage is that free speech is a right that
A) exists independently of the circumstances of one’s birth.
B) must be used to abolish social injustices such as slavery.
C) is frequently not appreciated by the American public.
D) is most often abused by people with power and means
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) exists independently of the circumstances of one’s birth.
Question
“If this had been a mere outbreak of passion and prejudice among the baser sort . . . hounded on by some wily politician to serve some immediate purpose,—a mere exceptional affair,—it might be allowed to rest with what has already been said”
As used in Paragraph, “exceptional affair” most nearly means
A) brilliant occasion.
B) famous event.
C) surprising occurrence.
D) isolated incident.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) isolated incident.
Question
“No right was deemed by the fathers of the Government more sacred than the right of speech. It was in their eyes, as in the eyes of all thoughtful men, the great moral renovator of society and government”
Douglass indicates that the nation’s original founders believed that
A) the exercise of free speech should be limited to specific circumstances.
B) they had successfully ensured free speech for all citizens.
C) free speech provides a means by which democracy can improve itself.
D) individuals were responsible for protecting their own right to free speech.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) free speech provides a means by which democracy can improve itself.
Question
“Five years of its exercise would banish the auction block and break every chain in the South”
Douglass’s use of the words “banish” and “break” (line 34) mainly serves to
A) underscore the injustice of slavery as an institution that disallows free speech.
B) emphasize the potency of free speech as a means of dismantling slavery.
C) convey the ruthlessness of powerful individuals who suppress free speech.
D) suggest the intensity of the struggle that will be required to safeguard free speech.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) emphasize the potency of free speech as a means of dismantling slavery.
Question
“Are we going to palliate and excuse a palpable and flagrant outrage on the right of speech, by implying that only a particular description of persons should exercise that right?”
Douglass most strongly suggests that people who criticize the timing and wisdom of the meeting are
A) moderately regretful about the situation, since they unknowingly aided the mob in suppressing free speech.
B) highly hypocritical in their actions, since they had initially encouraged the meeting to discuss abolishing slavery.
C) somewhat complicit in the mob’s violation of free speech, since they suggest that the right of speech is conditional.
D) keenly remorseful for the opinion they have expressed, since they recognize that they have caused a rift among abolitionists in Boston.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) somewhat complicit in the mob’s violation of free speech, since they suggest that the right of speech is conditional.
Question
“After all the arguments for liberty to which Boston has listened for more than a quarter of a century, has she yet to learn that the time to assert a right is the time when the right itself is called in question, and that the men of all others to assert it are the men to whom the right has been denied?”
The passage most strongly suggests that Douglass’s criticism of Boston’s response to the invasion of the meeting is based partly on his assumption that its citizens
A) should understand the importance of upholding a freedom when its existence is threatened.
B) would sympathize more with the goals of the mob than with the goals of the people holding the meeting.
C) believe that the right to free speech depends on one’s social status.
D) are uninformed about the exact nature of the events that occurred during the meeting.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) should understand the importance of upholding a freedom when its existence is threatened.
Question
“Not even an old-fashioned abolition meeting could vindicate that right in Boston just now.”
The main purpose of the Paragraph is to
A) highlight the degree to which the ability to speak freely in Boston has suffered at the hands of the mob.
B) indicate that political meetings in Boston require all speakers to exercise caution.
C) suggest that expressions of outrage over slavery were more intense during abolition meetings of the past.
D) convey nostalgia for a time when people of distinction regularly attended abolition meetings.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) highlight the degree to which the ability to speak freely in Boston has suffered at the hands of the mob.
Question
“There can be no right of speech where any man, however lifted up, or however humble, however young, or however old, is overawed by force, and compelled to suppress his honest sentiments”
Douglass maintains that in order for individuals to exercise the right of free speech, it is necessary that they have a
A) government that is willing to listen to their grievances.
B) system of education that promotes equality for all citizens.
C) legal system in which victims of crime can expect justice.
D) public forum in which they do not feel threatened
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) public forum in which they do not feel threatened
Question
“It is just as criminal to rob a man of his right to speak and hear as it would be to rob him of his money”
The sentence in paragraph mainly serves to
A) imply that the right of speech and the protection of wealth are both essential to the pursuit of happiness.
B) highlight the illegality of violating free speech by juxtaposing the violation with an acknowledged crime.
C) point out that when individuals are denied the right of free speech, they are also placed at financial risk.
D) suggest that individuals should value the right of speech as much as they value the right to amass money.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) highlight the illegality of violating free speech by juxtaposing the violation with an acknowledged crime.
Question
“But it was unclear what could have tipped the world into that state in the first place. Yannick Donnadieu in Gif sur Yvette, France, and co-workers provided an explanation.”
The main purpose of the paragraph is to
A) indicate the author’s skepticism about the validity of a finding.
B) present a hypothesis that is supported by the results of a study.
C) dismiss recent criticism of a widely accepted explanation.
D) identify a research question that a team of scientists investigated.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) identify a research question that a team of scientists investigated.
Question
“The increased rainfall in turn speeded the weathering of any exposed rock.”
As used in paragraph, “exposed” most nearly means
A) unguarded.
B) threatened.
C) debunked.
D) uncovered.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) uncovered.
Question
“The fresh rock from a volcano is more reactive than old rock, and so it weathers more quickly.”
As used in paragraph, “fresh” most nearly means
A) pure.
B) new.
C) natural.
D) vivid.
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) new.
Question
“That’s why the next piece of physical evidence is key-geologic records show the Franklin LIP sat at the equator where Earth receives more solar energy than the amount of heat it radiates back out to space.”
According to Passage , in addition to the presence of sulfur in the Franklin LIP, which factor would have determined whether a Snowball Earth was possible approximately 717 million years ago?
A) The amount of rainfall occurring in the Franklin LIP
B) The geographic positioning of the Franklin LIP
C) The age of the rock formations in the Franklin LIP
D) The duration of volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) The geographic positioning of the Franklin LIP
Question
“According to the researchers’ model, if enough sulfur particles reached high enough into the atmosphere at this equatorial location, it would block enough of the sun’s incoming energy to trigger runaway cooling.”
Based on Passage , which additional finding, if true, would most likely help validate Macdonald and Wordsworth’s hypothesis?
A) Several large volcanic regions extending beyond the Franklin LIP were also found to be rich in sulfur.
B) The amount of sulfur emitted during volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP was less than the amount of carbon dioxide emitted.
C) Volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP were powerful enough to propel sulfur particles to an altitude where they could redirect solar energy.
D) Volcanic activity occurring in the Franklin LIP caused the breakup of Rodinia into several smaller landmasses.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) Volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP were powerful enough to propel sulfur particles to an altitude where they could redirect solar energy.
Question
In 1961, Norwegian archaeologists set out across the Atlantic Ocean to investigate the legendary Viking presence in North America. While many scholars believed the land referred to in the Norse epics as Vinland was a part of Canada or the United States, no physical evidence of a Norse village had ever been discovered in North America.. The absence of physical evidence can be a major issue for crime investigators, but historians struggle with this problem as well.
Which choice provides the most effective transition to the discussion that follows in the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Physical evidence of Norse villages, however, is extensive throughout Scandinavia and has been carefully studied by archaeologists.
C) Regardless of what these archaeologists discovered, the Norse epic Saga of the Greenlanders contains interesting information about the alleged Viking presence in North America.
D) That changed when these archaeologists began excavating a remote stretch of the Canadian coast.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) That changed when these archaeologists began excavating a remote stretch of the Canadian coast.
Question
The team of researchers, which included Anne Stine Ingstad, who studied archaeology at the University of Oslo, sailed around the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, ————— for a place that fit the description in the Norse sagas.
A) looked
B) looking
C) they looked
D) and who were looking
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) looking
Question
A local fisherman from the village of L’Anse aux Meadows led them to a nearby site that featured large, unusual dirt-covered mounds that looked like houses, and the team decided to begin digging. ————–With Ingstad supervising the dig at the course of several years, their excavations provided the first solid archaeological evidence for the theory of Norse contact with North America.
At this fill in the blanks point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence.
In a published account of her work with the team, Ingstad describes L’Anse aux meadows and its environs as “a fair land . . . bathed in sunshine.”
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it provides an effective transition to the sentence that follows.
B) Yes, because it offers evidence that supports the main ideas of the paragraph.
C) No, because it offers loosely related information that interrupts the discussion in the paragraph.
D) No, because it contradicts information provided in the previous sentence.
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) No, because it offers loosely related information that interrupts the discussion in the paragraph.
Question
With Ingstad supervising the dig ____________ of several years, their excavations provided the first solid archaeological evidence for the theory of Norse contact with North America.
A) at the course
B) over the course to
C) over the course of
D) at the course along
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) over the course of
Question
Ingstad sought proof that the remains were Norse in particular. The Beothuk people were hunter-gatherers who made advanced tools and structures out of wood and bone, and they used canoes made of bark for many activities.
Which choice provides the best transition to the paragraph’s concluding sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) but they did not employ ironworking.
C) and they lived in tents during the summer.
D) though researchers do not know much about their religious practices
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) but they did not employ ironworking.
Question
When Ingstad and her team found one- thousand-year-old scraps of iron, melted metal, and part of a stone anvil, they concluded the remains were Norse, providing proof of a westward Norse migration Not only did Ingstad’s excavation establish the presence of Vikings, but it also revealed much about their daily lives.
Which choice most effectively sets up the details provided in the paragraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) led to an excellent book about the team’s adventures.
C) prompted the Newfoundland government to establish the excavation site as an authentic ancient monument.
D) helped cement Ingstad’s reputation as a first- rate archaeologist.
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
Ingstad uncovered structures. These structures included sheds for protecting boats as well as the remains of a bathhouse.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A)structures, ones such as sheds for the protection of boats and
B)structures, and these structures also included sheds for boats’ protection as well as
C)structures such as sheds for protecting boats and
D)structures; those that were discovered included sheds that were used in order to protect boats as well as
▶️Answer/Explanation
C)structures such as sheds for protecting boats and
Question
According to the sagas, spinning yarn was work generally performed by Norse —————- this find suggested that women were among the settlers on the site.
A) women
B) women, thus,
C) women, consequently,
D) women, so
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) women, so
Question
The artifacts that Ingstad found led —————- more than one hundred Vikings had lived at the site for several years, using them as a base to explore other parts of the coastline.
A) her, to conclude that
B) her to conclude that
C) her, to conclude that,
D) her to conclude, that
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) her to conclude that
Question
The artifacts that Ingstad found led her, to conclude that more than one hundred Vikings had lived at the site for several years, using ——– as a base to explore other parts of the coastline.
A) them
B) it
C) those
D) each of these
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) it
Question
The archaeologists’ findings definitively ——————- of Viking exploration, confirming that Europe and North America had far older links than people had previously believed.
A) rewrote the history
B) revised, thanks to their discoveries, the history
C) rewrote and reworked the history
D) rewrote in an authoritative manner the historical account
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
Species throughout time have been shaped by divergent evolution, in which a population becomes more distinct from the rest of its species as ____ to a habitat.
A) they adapt
B) those adapt
C) it adapts
D) these adapt
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) it adapts
Question
Biologists have long assumed that most organisms will ____ when faced with an unfamiliar environment.
A) initially struggle in the beginning
B) initially struggle with great effort
C) initially, at the beginning, struggle quite extensively
D) initially struggle
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) initially struggle
Question
____ a recent study by biologists Daniel Bolnick and William Stutz at the University of Texas at Austin shows how newcomers to an ecosystem can thrive.
A) However
B) In addition,
C) Therefore,
D) Moreover,
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
However, a recent study by biologists Daniel Bolnick and William Stutz at the University of Texas at Austin shows how newcomers to an ecosystem can thrive. When they thrive it allows locally rare traits to persist and keeps different populations within the same species genetically closer together.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A) thrive—in doing this, it allows locally rare traits to persist and keeps
B) thrive and so then allows locally rare traits to persist and keeps
C) thrive: and in this way locally rare traits can persist, keeping
D) thrive, allowing locally rare traits to persist and keeping
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) thrive, allowing locally rare traits to persist and keeping
Question
Bolnick and Stutz examined how two ____ relatively smaller ones from lakes and larger ones from streams, fared when removed from their usual habitats.
A) ecotypes, or, geographic variants,
B) ecotypes or geographic variants,
C) ecotypes or, geographic variants
D) ecotypes, or geographic variants
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) ecotypes, or geographic variants
Question
They also wanted to test whether there was an advantage to being the less-common ____ researchers placed sticklebacks from each environment into multiple cages in lakes and streams
A) ecotype, the
B) ecotype, so, then the
C) ecotype. The
D) ecotype: and the
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) ecotype. The
Question
In half the cages, lake sticklebacks were in the ____in the other half, stream sticklebacks were in the majority. The scientists then measured fish survival rates over six weeks.
A) majority;
B) majority,
C) majority
D) majority:
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
The survival rate of lake-origin sticklebacks in both lake and stream cages was higher than that of stream-origin sticklebacks in both cages regardless of whether they were in the majority or the minority.
Which choice offers the best interpretation of the data in the graph?
A) No change
B) was highest for stream-origin sticklebacks placed in lake cages,
C) of lake-origin sticklebacks in stream cages was more than twice that of lake-origin sticklebacks in lake cages,
D) was lowest for lake-origin sticklebacks in stream cages,
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) of lake-origin sticklebacks in stream cages was more than twice that of lake-origin sticklebacks in lake cages,
Question
When stream fish were placed into lake cages, for example, their survival rate as the majority ecotype was about ____ percent.
Which choice makes the writer’s description of the figure most accurate?
A) 60 percent. When they were in the minority, nearly 75
B) 65 percent. When they were in the minority, nearly 95
C) 30 percent. When they were in the minority, nearly 35
D) 85 percent. When they were in the minority, nearly 100
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) 65 percent. When they were in the minority, nearly 95
Question
The ____ concluded that because newcomers face less competition, they are able to survive more often and pass on their genes in their new environment.
A) researcher’s concluded that because newcomers
B) researchers’ concluded that because newcomer’s
C) researchers’ concluded that because newcomers’
D) researchers concluded that because newcomers
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) researchers concluded that because newcomers
Question
Since variation allows species to express traits that were once rare but are often advantageous, the ________________.
Which choice provides the most effective conclusion to the passage?
A) species can rely on diet to survive.
B) species’ chances of survival grow.
C) species can survive in both lakes and streams.
D) species’ survival depends on its members’ relative size
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) species’ chances of survival grow.
Question
____ Shelly Palmer—the CEO of a technology and marketing company—returned home from a meeting, he found that a family member had cleaned and organized his notoriously messy desk.
A) Untill
B) When
C) Whereas
D) DELETE the underlined portion
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) When
Question
stringent workplace rules may trigger employee complaints in many traditional offices, where employers implement “clean desk policies” based on the notion that having too many items on and around one’s desk can be distracting, hampering an employee’s performance.
Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous sentences to the information that follows in this sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) In home offices such as Palmer’s, workers are not typically bound to a strict schedule, unlike
C) Such imposition of order onto a worker’s desk occurs on a larger scale
D) Complex filing systems can hinder the efficiency of workers
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) Such imposition of order onto a worker’s desk occurs on a larger scale
Question
Stringent workplace rules may trigger employee complaints in many traditional offices, where employers implement “clean desk policies” based on the notion that having too many items on and around one’s desk can be distracting, hampering an employee’s performance. As it turns out, the state of an employee’s desk can reflect a number of things about an employee’s personality.
Which choice most effectively sets up the main claim of the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B)As experts confirm, employees can work more efficiently by organizing their materials according to how frequently they use them.
C) Some companies have gone to the extreme of distributing detailed handbooks explaining what employees should and should not keep at their desks.
D) Researchers have been challenging that idea, however—and employers would be wise to listen.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) Researchers have been challenging that idea, however—and employers would be wise to listen.
Question
As a study by psychologists at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom ____, employees may experience increased productivity and satisfaction when they are allowed to determine the number and arrangement of items on their desks or in their offices.
A) have suggested
B) are suggesting,
C) suggests,
D) suggest,
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) suggests,
Question
employees may experience increased productivity ____ when they are allowed to determine the number and arrangement of items on their desks or in their offices.
A) and satisfaction
B) and increased satisfaction, both of which are experienced by employees
C) and, in addition, satisfaction
D) as well as satisfaction that increases
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
The psychologists, Craig ____, asked some participants to do administrative tasks in a “clean” office that contained only a chair and an empty desk.
A) Knight and S. Alexander Haslam
B) Knight, and S. Alexander Haslam
C) Knight—and S. Alexander Haslam,
D) Knight and S. Alexander Haslam;
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
Some employers might argue that a clean desk policy is necessary. In the absence of a clean desk policy, workers would be free to let their desks devolve into outright clutter.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A) a clean desk policy, being necessary, would keep workers from being
B) without a clean desk policy, workers would be
C) when a necessary clean desk policy is absent, workers would be
D) workers lacking a clean desk policy, which employers find necessary, would be
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) without a clean desk policy, workers would be
Question
Vohs placed participants either at a tidy desk with papers arranged in piles or placed them at a messy desk with papers strewn across the desk and floor.
A)No change
B) they were placed
C) placed
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
Question
Requiring workers to maintain sparse desks may ________________
Which choice most effectively sets up the example in the sentence that follows?
A) have a negative impact on office productivity
B) not present a challenge for certain types of employees.
C) result in heightened tensions for some employees.
D) be necessary in some work environments.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) be necessary in some work environments.
Question
____, in workplaces where people have their own desks, employers would as well consider the potential benefits of permitting workers to arrange—or clutter—their desks as they like.
A) Still
B) In addition,
C) Therefore,
D) Likewise,
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
employers would ____ consider the potential benefits of permitting workers to arrange—or clutter—their desks as they like.
A) as well
B) do as well as
C) do well to
D) well
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) do well to
Question
Doug Chiang had a problem with his spaceship. Designed for the 2016 film Rogue One, the vehicle sketched out by Chiang and his team of concept ____ who help filmmakers and video game producers translate ideas from page to screen) looked a little too above this planet.
A) artists (professionals
B) artists—professionals
C) artists, professionals
D) artists: professionals
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) artists—professionals
Question
Designed for the 2016 film Rogue One, the vehicle sketched out by Chiang and his team of concept artists (professionals who help filmmakers and video game producers translate ideas from page to screen) looked a little too ____
A) above this planet.
B) beyond this planet.
C) out of this world.
D) on top of the world
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) out of this world.
Question
In any other film, perhaps the futuristic design would have sufficed, but Chiang wasn’t working on just any film. He was working on the latest installment of Star Wars, a franchise of science-fantasy films whose merchandise includes toy versions of the spaceship Millennium Falcon.
Which choice most effectively establishes a main idea of the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B) characters frequently travel from planet to planet in spaceships.
C) themes are drawn from fairy tales and myths.
D) visual aesthetic draws more heavily on the past than on the future
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) visual aesthetic draws more heavily on the past than on the future
Question
When preparing to make the original Star Wars film in the 1970s, director George Lucas turned to concept artists Ralph McQuarrie and Joe Johnston to create art depicting the ____ locations described in the screenplay.
A) creatures vehicles and
B) creatures vehicles, and
C) creatures, vehicles, and
D) creatures, vehicles and
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) creatures, vehicles, and
Question
The aesthetic that emerged from the artists’ pens and paintbrushes was a blend of cinematic and world history, incorporating ____
Which choice best supports a point made earlier in the sentence?
A) a “used universe” feel: nothing looked shiny and new.
B) a distinctive color palette: earth tones for the heroes, and black, gray, and red for the villains.
C) elements not only from Westerns and samurai films but also from World War II military uniforms.
D) distinct silhouettes based on basic shapes, such as circles and triangles
▶️Answer/Explanation
C) elements not only from Westerns and samurai films but also from World War II military uniforms.
Question
However, when Chiang’s new ship, the U-Wing, was placed alongside the iconic X-Wing from the original film, the two vehicles ____
A) looked as different as night and day.
B) were so different, I would have wanted to shout, “Hey, that’s not Star Wars!”
C) were like apples and oranges.
D) didn’t look like they belonged to the same universe, aesthetically.
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) didn’t look like they belonged to the same universe, aesthetically.
Question
At the time, Lucas was developing ____ to the original Star Wars, and he encouraged Chiang to take bold risks and explore the gray area between “what is Star Wars and what is not.”
A) a trilogy of three prequels
B) a trilogy of prequels to
C) three prequels in a trilogy that Lucas set before
D) a trilogy of Star Wars prequels that take place before
▶️Answer/Explanation
B) a trilogy of prequels to
Question
At the time, Lucas was developing a trilogy of three prequels to the original Star Wars, and ____ Chiang to take bold risks and explore the gray area between “what is Star Wars and what is not.”
A) he encouraged
B) they encouraged him
C) it encouraged Lucas
D) he encouraged Lucas
▶️Answer/Explanation
A) NO CHANGE
Question
They also drew directly on ____ visual vocabulary by integrating the engine design from the X-Wing.
A) McQuarrie’s and Johnston’s
B) McQuarries and Johnstons
C) McQuarries’ and Johnstons’
D) McQuarrie and Johnston’s
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) McQuarrie and Johnston’s
4Question
Chiang says that the final design “looks very obvious,” but he adds that ____
Which quotation from Chiang best completes the sentence and concludes the passage?
A) “we knew the U-Wing was going to be very challenging.”
B) “you can configure the wings in a hundred different ways, if not thousands.”
C) “[the U-Wing] became a very organic design.”
D) “getting to that obvious [look] is always very hard.”
▶️Answer/Explanation
D) “getting to that obvious [look] is always very hard.”