IB Mathematics SL 5.9 Kinematic problems AA SL Paper 1- Exam Style Questions- New Syllabus
An object moves along a straight line. Its velocity, \(vms^{-1}\), at time t seconds is given by:
\[ v(t) = -t^3 + \frac{7}{2}t^2 – 2t + 6 \quad \text{for} \quad 0 \leq t \leq 4 \]
The object first comes to rest at \( t = k \). The graph of \( v \) is shown in the following diagram.
At \( t = 0 \), the object is at the origin.
(a) Find the displacement of the object from the origin at \( t = 1 \). [3]
(b) Find an expression for the acceleration of the object. [2]
(c) Hence, find the greatest speed reached by the object before it comes to rest. [4]
(d) Find the greatest speed reached by the object for \( 0 \leq t \leq 4 \). [3]
(e) Write down an expression that represents the distance travelled by the object while its speed is increasing. Do not evaluate the expression. [3]
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Part (a)
To find displacement at \( t = 1 \), integrate the velocity function:
\[ s(t) = \int v(t) \, dt = \int \left( -t^3 + \frac{7}{2}t^2 – 2t + 6 \right) dt \]
\[ s(t) = -\frac{1}{4}t^4 + \frac{7}{6}t^3 – t^2 + 6t + C \]
Since the object is at the origin at \( t = 0 \), \( C = 0 \).
Evaluate at \( t = 1 \):
\[ s(1) = -\frac{1}{4}(1)^4 + \frac{7}{6}(1)^3 – (1)^2 + 6(1) \]
\[ = -\frac{1}{4} + \frac{7}{6} – 1 + 6 = \frac{-3 + 14 – 12 + 72}{12} = \frac{71}{12} \text{ m} \]
Answer: Displacement at \( t = 1 \) is \( \boxed{\dfrac{71}{12}} \) meters
Part (b)
Acceleration is the derivative of velocity:
\[ a(t) = \frac{dv}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}\left( -t^3 + \frac{7}{2}t^2 – 2t + 6 \right) \]
\[ a(t) = -3t^2 + 7t – 2 \]
Answer: Acceleration is \( \boxed{-3t^2 + 7t – 2} \) \( ms^{-2} \)
Part (c)
First find when the object comes to rest (\( v(t) = 0 \)):
\[ -t^3 + \frac{7}{2}t^2 – 2t + 6 = 0 \]
Solving gives \( t = 1.5 \) seconds (exact value may be \( \frac{3}{2} \))
To find maximum speed before \( t = 1.5 \), find when acceleration is zero:
\[ -3t^2 + 7t – 2 = 0 \]
\[ (3t – 1)(t – 2) = 0 \Rightarrow t = \frac{1}{3}, 2 \]
Only \( t = \frac{1}{3} \) is before 1.5 seconds.
Evaluate velocity at critical points and endpoints:
\[ v(0) = 6 \, ms^{-1} \]
\[ v\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) \approx 8 \, ms^{-1} \]
\[ v(1.5) = 0 \, ms^{-1} \]
Answer: Greatest speed before coming to rest is \( \boxed{8} \) \( ms^{-1} \)
Part (d)
Check all critical points and endpoints in \( 0 \leq t \leq 4 \):
\[ v(0) = 6 \, ms^{-1} \]
\[ v\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) \approx 8 \, ms^{-1} \]
\[ v(2) \approx 8 \, ms^{-1} \]
\[ v(4) = -64 + 56 – 8 + 6 = -10 \, ms^{-1} \]
The greatest magnitude of velocity is 10 \( ms^{-1} \).
Answer: Greatest speed is \( \boxed{10} \) \( ms^{-1} \)
Part (e)
Speed increases when velocity and acceleration have the same sign:
From analysis of \( v(t) \) and \( a(t) \), speed increases on:
1. \( \frac{1}{3} \leq t \leq 2 \) (both positive)
2. \( t \geq k \) (both negative)
The distance is the integral of absolute velocity over these intervals:
\[ \text{Distance} = \int_{\frac{1}{3}}^{2} v(t) \, dt + \int_{k}^{4} |v(t)| \, dt \]
Where \( k \) is when the object first comes to rest.
Answer: \( \boxed{\int_{\frac{1}{3}}^{2} v(t) \, dt + \int_{k}^{4} |v(t)| \, dt} \)