IB Mathematics SL 2.9 The function ax and its graph. AA SL Paper 1- Exam Style Questions- New Syllabus
Dominic jumps out of an airplane that is flying at constant altitude. Before opening his parachute, he goes through a period of freefall.
Dominic’s vertical speed during the time of freefall, \( S \), in \( \text{m s}^{-1} \), is modelled by the function:
\[ S(t) = K – 60(1.2^{-t}), \quad t \geq 0 \]
where \( t \) is the number of seconds after he jumps out of the airplane, and \( K \) is a constant.
A sketch of Dominic’s vertical speed against time is shown below.
Dominic’s initial vertical speed is \( 0 \, \text{m s}^{-1} \).
Part (a):
Find the value of \( K \). [2]
Part (b):
In the context of the model, state what the horizontal asymptote represents. [1]
Part (c):
Find Dominic’s vertical speed after 10 seconds. Give your answer in \( \text{km h}^{-1} \). [3]
▶️ Answer/Explanation
Part (a)
Given Dominic’s initial vertical speed is \( 0 \, \text{m s}^{-1} \) at \( t = 0 \), substitute into \( S(t) = K – 60(1.2^{-t}) \):
\[ S(0) = K – 60(1.2^0) = 0 \]
\[ K – 60 \cdot 1 = 0 \implies K – 60 = 0 \implies K = 60 \]
Answer: \( K = 60 \)
Part (b)
The horizontal asymptote represents the limiting vertical speed Dominic approaches as time increases. To find it, evaluate \( S(t) \) as \( t \to \infty \):
\[ S(t) = 60 – 60(1.2^{-t}) \]
Since \( 1.2^{-t} = \frac{1}{1.2^t} \), as \( t \to \infty \), \( 1.2^t \to \infty \), so \( 1.2^{-t} \to 0 \). Thus:
\[ S(t) \to 60 – 60 \cdot 0 = 60 \]
In the context of the model, this represents the terminal velocity (downward) that Dominic approaches during freefall.
Answer: The horizontal asymptote represents the terminal vertical speed Dominic approaches as time increases, which is \( 60 \, \text{m s}^{-1} \) downward.
Part (c)
Using \( K = 60 \), the speed function is \( S(t) = 60 – 60(1.2^{-t}) \). Find the speed at \( t = 10 \):
\[ S(10) = 60 – 60(1.2^{-10}) \]
Calculate \( 1.2^{-10} \):
\[ 1.2^{-10} = \frac{1}{1.2^{10}} \approx \frac{1}{6.1917364224} \approx 0.161505582 \]
\[ 60 \times 0.161505582 \approx 9.69033492 \]
\[ S(10) = 60 – 9.69033492 \approx 50.30966508 \, \text{m s}^{-1} \]
Convert to \( \text{km h}^{-1} \): \( 1 \, \text{m s}^{-1} = 3.6 \, \text{km h}^{-1} \):
\[ 50.30966508 \times 3.6 \approx 181.114794288 \, \text{km h}^{-1} \]
Rounded to three significant figures:
\[ 181 \, \text{km h}^{-1} \]
Since the speed is downward, the answer is negative in the context of vertical motion (where downward is negative):
Answer: \( -181 \, \text{km h}^{-1} \)